黑龙江省用水结构演变及其驱动力分析

Analysis of Water Consumed Structure Change and Its Driving Forces in Heilongjiang Province

根据黑龙江省用水现状,分析2002-2011年黑龙江省用水结构的变化,应用信息熵理论分析用水结构的演变规律,同时利用R软件的主成分分析法,选出用水结构影响因子,最终得到用水结构变化的驱动力因子.结果表明,黑龙江省的用水结构特点是以农业用水为主,工业、生活、生态用水比例相对较小,黑龙江省年总用水量呈阶段性缓慢上升趋势,生活、农业、工业、生态用水量的比例从5.1∶78.1∶15.2∶1.6变化为6.1∶69.28∶24.6∶0.信息熵结果分析表明,农业用水是最主要的用水部门,在总用水中所占比例很大.主成分分析结果表明,常住人口数量、城市化率、人均GDP、城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入、有效灌溉面积、节水灌溉面、重工业企业工业销售产值、轻工业企业工业销售产值、农作物播种面积和城市绿化覆盖面积是用水结构演变的主要驱动力.

In this paper,the change of water consumption structure from 2002 to 2011 in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed. The information entropy theory is used to analyze the evolution of the structure of water. Influence factors of the gross water consumed quantity in Heilongjiang province were selected by using the software R,and then the main driving forces resulted in variety of water consumed structure were clarified. Results indicated that water structure was mainly used for agricultural water in Heilongjiang province,Industrial,living,ecological water use ratio is relatively small. The total water consumption presented a tendency of slight rise. The water consumption proportion of production living,agricultural,industrial and ecological were changed from 5. 1∶78. 1∶15. 2∶1. 6 to 6. 1∶69. 28∶24. 6∶0. Information entropy of water utilization structure showed that; agricultural water is the main water sector,which of the total water use is very large. PCA results indicate that the permanent population,Urbanization rate,per capita GDP,per capita disposable income of urban households,effective irrigation area,water-saving irrigation surface,heavy industry industrial sales value,light industry enterprises industrial sales value,crop planting area and urban greening coverage are principal driving forces of water utilization structure evolution in Heilongjiang Province.