浙江省丽水市2014-2016年献血不良反应分析

Adverse reactions of blood donation in Lishui of Zhejiang from 2014 to 2016

目的 探讨丽水市献血不良反应发生的原因并提出预防措施.方法 回顾性调查丽水市2014-2016年采血过程中发生献血不良反应人群的基本资料,收集反应程度,并分析影响不良反应发生的因素.结果 2014-2016年间,丽水市累计99 085人次参与无偿献血,发生献血不良反应632例次,不良反应发生率0.64％.2例重度不良反应分别为持续性严重头晕和持续性头晕伴呕吐及贫血;630例非重度不良反应者主要表现头晕、心慌、面色苍白、出冷汗等,发生的诱因主要为精神紧张、疲劳等.不良反应发生率男性高于女性（0.68％∶0.57％）,首次献血高于重复献血（1.03％∶0.31％）,高温季节高于一般季节、采血人员工龄＜5年者采血高于≥5年者（0.76％∶0.55％）,差异均有统计学意义（x2=4.64、199.21、63.44、18.34,P均＜0.05）.结论 献血不良反应发生与多种因素相关,应针对性采取有效措施,减少献血不良反应的发生,促进保留献血者.

Objective To investigate the causes of the adverse reactions of blood donation in Lishui,Zhejiang,so as to put forward some prevention measures.Methods A retrospective survey was conducted on the cases with adverse reactions of blood donation in Lishui from 2014 to 2016,the degree of adverse reactions and the relevant factors were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 99 085 blood donations were recorded,among which 632 cases had adverse reactions with the incidence rate of 0.64%.Two cases had severe adverse reactions,one of whom had persistent dizziness,and the other had persistent dizziness,vomiting and mild anemia.The rest 630 cases had non-severe adverse reactions,of which the main symptoms were dizziness,palpitation,paleness,cold sweat and other mild reactions with the main causes of mental stress and fatigue.The incidence of adverse reactions was higher in men than that in women （0.68%∶0.57%）,higher in the first-time blood donors than that in repeated ones （1.03%∶0.31%）,higher in high temperature season than that in the general season,and higher in unskilled blood collectors （career〈5 years） than that in the skilled ones （career≥5 years）（0.76%∶0.55%）.The differences were all statistically significant （x2=4.64,199.21,63.44 and 18.34,P〈0.05）.Conclusions The adverse reactions of blood donation are related to multiple factors.Effective measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and promote the retention of blood donors.