程序正义、合法性及公众与警察的合作:西方智慧是否适用中国

Procedural Justice,Legitimacy,and Public Cooperation with Police:Whether Western Wisdom Applicable to China

研究目标:本研究的首要目的是检验汤姆·泰勒(Tom Tyler)基于程序的警务模型在中国的适用性,第二目的则是研究泰勒模型关键复合结构中的内部一致性和区分效度。研究方法:利用一个中国城市约1000名居民的调查数据,采用普通最小二乘回归法,评估程序正义、特定分配正义和警察效能对与警察合作意愿的直接和(通过合法性的)间接影响。研究结果:泰勒原始模型中关键复合结构的内部一致性和区分效度在中国数据中存在问题。来自西方的程序正义,就像西方本身一样,在预测中国人对警察合法性和与警察合作的意愿方面起着重要作用。与此同时,中国警察合法性的最有力预测因素是警察效能。分配正义和效能对中国人合作意愿的影响主要是通过警察的合法性来间接实现的。研究结论:泰勒模型的关键论点在很大程度上得到了中国数据的支持。未来需要进行特定文化的测量,以进一步完善泰勒基于程序的警务模型。

Objectives： The principal objective of the study is to test the applicability of Tom Tyler＇s process-based model of policing in China. The secondary objective is to examine the internal consistency and discriminant validity of key composite constructs in Tyler＇s model. Methods： Using survey data collected from approximately 1,000 residents in a Chinese city,ordinary least squares regression was employed to assess the direct and indirect（ through legitimacy） effects of procedural justice,specific distributive justice,and police effectiveness on willingness to cooperate with the police. Results： The internal consistency and discriminant validity of key composites in Tyler＇s original model appear questionable with the Chinese data. Procedural justice,just like in the West,plays a significant role in predicting Chinese views on police legitimacy and willingness to cooperate with the police. Meanwhile,the strongest predictor of Chinese perceptions of police legitimacy is police effectiveness. The impact of both distributive justice and effectiveness on Chinese willingness to cooperate is mainly indirect through police legitimacy. Conclusions： Key arguments of Tyler＇s model are largely supported by the Chinese data. Future research needs to develop culture-specific measures to further elaborate Tyler＇s process-based model of policing.