风能进、雨能进、警察不能进——警察权与住宅权关系的合理重构

Give Admittance to All But the Police——Reasonable Reconstruction of the Relationship between Police Power and Housing Right

在执法实践中,经常与住宅权发生关系的公权力无疑是警察权。要合理构建警察权与住宅权之间的关系必须充分考虑警察进入公民住宅的条件、时间、程序、方式、相对人的意愿等要素,甚至对于何谓"住宅"也应做审慎的判断。完善的制度为警察执法提供合理的指引,但深入分析我国关于警察权与住宅权关系的法律制度,会发现其中尚存在诸多不完善之处。这主要表现在:关于"住宅"的法律用语混乱,有"住所"、"住处"以及"场所"等不同的表述;警察进入住宅的法律定位不科学,出现错位的现象;警察进入公民住宅的制度设计存在重大缺失等。针对上述问题,有必要在制度上进行调整与完善,最终推进警察权与住宅权之间合理关系的形成。

It is police power that often relates with the housing right in law enforcement. When we try to set up reasonable relationship betweenthe police power and the housing right,we should consider the condition,time,procedure,method and the will of the relative person. It should be prudently judged what is house. The perfect system can guide the police to reasonably enforce the law. There are many imperfections about the system relationship between the police power and the housing right. First,the terminology of house which is used in the common law is called confusedly as ＂domicile＂,＂dwelling＂or ＂place＂. Second,the nature of the conduct of the police entering the house is inaccurate. Thirdly,there are significant deficiencies in the system of the police entering the civil housing. In order to change the situation,it is necessary to adjust and improve the system of relationship between the police power and the housing right.