刑法类推解释检视与辨析机制研究

On the Criminal Analogical Interpretation and Discrimination Mechanism Research

类推解释是指解释边界、事实到事实的判断以及规则到原则的规范解读路径。类推解释反对论深受分析哲学影响,基于数理逻辑与形式正义诠释规范文义,但并没提出有效的类推解释界分措施,致使其可行性与可信性受到颇多质疑。类推解释赞同论在哲学层面上多受语言哲学影响,主张吸收语用学的优点以推动法律语言的理解。然而,赞同论过于青睐语境色彩与价值导向,致使规范文义确定性受到威胁。鉴于语言的开放性、诠释的本体性、认知的语用性,希望通过构建类推解释界限无疑是困难的,不过,围绕类推解释建构若干有效措施(如,探寻刑法规范目的、解读符合语言习惯、进行合宪性分析等)以最大程度抑制越权解释则是可行的。

Analogical interpretation refers to the interpretation of the boundary,fact to fact,and the normative interpretation from the rules to the principles. The con of analogical interpretation is deeply influenced by analytic philosophy. It interprets the meaning on the basis of mathematical logic and the formal justice,but not put forward effective measures of analogy to explain boundary points,causing its feasibility and credibility questioned. The pro of analogy interpretation is affected by linguistic philosophy at the philosophical level,and advocates the advantages of absorbing pragmatics to promote the understanding of the legal language. However,the pro is too keen on contextual color and value orientation,so that the certainty of norms is threatened. In view of the openness of language,the ontology of cognition and the pragmatic character of cognition,it is difficult to explain the boundary by constructing analogy. Nevertheless,it is feasible to explain the construction of a number of effective measures（ such as,to explore the purpose of criminal law norms,to interpret language habits,to conduct a constitutionality analysis） around the analogy.