湖北西部山区土壤养分元素有效态研究——以建始县业州镇为例

Effective Soil Nutrient Elements in Mountainous Areas of Western Hubei——a Case Study of Jianshi County

通过1∶5万表层土壤地球化学调查,对建始县业州镇表层土壤中12种养分元素的全量和有效量进行研究,结果表明研究区内土壤养分总体丰富,但也存在分布不均匀、变异性较大的特点,其中最显著的为有效钼、有效硒、有效铁、有效磷等在区域上形成养分富足和养分缺乏的区块。研究区内土壤养分有效量与其土壤的成土母质及土壤类型关系并无明显相关规律。土壤中有钼、硒、磷少数元素可以较好地由全量表征土壤养分的活性,其中钼元素的有效态量与全量呈显著的强相关;锰、锌基本可以由全量反映其有效性;铜的全量与有效铜以其弱相关性表明只可勉强拟合;而铁、硅、钙、镁、钾都不可用全量来真实地反映区内土壤内的有效态量。通过对土壤养分元素有效量与其土壤酸碱度、有机质含量的关系发现多数元素有效度明显受土壤pH值的影响,pH值越大,锰、铁、锌、铜、磷、钙等元素活性越弱。由于山区土壤有机质分布空间变异性强,不同海拔的有机质含量也存在较大差异,因此研究区内有机质含量与土壤中元素有效量的关系并非简单的线性相关关系。

Through the 1： 50 thousand soil geochemical survey ol Jianshi County in the surface soil,including 12 breeding research elements ol the total and efiective amount ol the study area,the soil nutrient is abundant,but there are also une-ven distribution and variability, the most signilicant lor Mo efiective, selenium, iron, phosphorus in the efiective area is lormed on the lack ol nutrients and nutrient rich patches. Moreover ,there was no obvious correlation between soil nutrient availability and soil parent material and soil type in the study area. Molybdenum, selenium, phosphorus in soil by a lew elements can be lull characterization ol soil nutrient activity, which available Mo showed a signilicant amount ol strong correlation with the lull amount ol manganese and zinc, can be lull reflect its efiectiveness ; and the total content ol copper with its weak correlation indicates that only barely lit; while iron, silicon, calcium, magnesium and potassium are not avail-able to rellect the lull amount ol available amount ol soil within the area. The ellective amount ol nutrient elements in soil and soil pH, organic matter content ol the relationship lound to afiect most ol the elements availability signilicantly afiect- ed by soil pH value,pH value is larger,manganese and iron,zinc,copper,phosphorus,calcium and other elements ol ac-tivity is weaker. Because the mountain spatial variability ol soil organic matter distribution, organic matter content ol dil- lerent altitudes are quite difierent, so in the research area ol organic matter content and soil elements in an efiective a-mount ol the relationship is not a simple linear relationship.