高黎贡山杜鹃花科植物区系研究

Feature of Ericaceae Flora in Gaoligong Mountains

杜鹃花科（含越橘科）是高黎贡山地区含有木本植物最多的科,研究其分布区类型组成和多样性格局对认识高黎贡山植物区系有重要的意义.本文以高黎贡山杜鹃花科植物为研究对象,从该科各属和种的分布区类型,县的分布,海拔分布,以及特有种情况来研究高黎贡山杜鹃花科的区系性质和多样性格局.结果表明,高黎贡山地区杜鹃花科共有11属共235种.其属的分布区类型以北温带分布和东亚-北美间断分布居多,各有3个属;而种的分布区类型更为集中,温带性质的种占了99.15%,以东亚分布和中国特有分布为主,东亚分布有125种,占到高黎贡山杜鹃花种类的53.19 %.中国特有分布有108种,占本区域杜鹃花科植物种数的45.96%.属和种的分析都表明本区域杜鹃花科植物区系具有强烈的温带性质,也表明本区域杜鹃花科植物区系以温带起源为主,并在山地环境下进一步向温带性质发展和强化.在所涉及的高黎贡山7个县中,以北部的贡山县分布杜鹃花科植物和高黎贡山特有杜鹃花科种类最多,分别有190种和30种,这可能与高黎贡山北段的气候条件更优越,地理条件更复杂有关.垂直方向上,在2 000-3 600 m之间杜鹃花科植物丰富度最大,在这个区域的每个100m 海拔段内都有80种以上杜鹃花科植物,以及10种以上的高黎贡山特有杜鹃花科植物,这应该与本海拔段内独特的地理条件和较高的隔离程度有关.

The Ericaceae （including Vacciniaceae） contains the largest number of woody species in Gaoligong Mountains, so, the study of the distribution-patterns and the diversity of Ericaceae can make a deeper understanding to the fora of Gaoligong Mountain. This article using the distribution data of Ericaceae plants in Gaoligong Mountain to analyze the biodiversity and distribution features of the Ericaceae plants in Gaoligong Mountain from the view of distribution pattern, the distribution feature in counties and along the elevation, endemic phenomenon. The results showed this region had 235 species, 11 genera in Ericaceae. The North temperate elements and the disjunction between east Asia and North America elements had the largest genera number, contain 3 genera, respectively, in the series of genus distribution pattern. The species distribution pattern are quietly concentrated, the temperate Ericaceae species contain 99.15 %： the East Asia type had 125 species with a proportion of 53.19 %, and the endemic Ericaceae species to China had 108 species with a proportion of 45.96 %. This indicated that the character of Ericaceae flora in Gaoligong mountains is typical temperate, This also illustrated the further development and strengthen to temperate characteristics from mainly emperate originated Ericaceae to mountains area. The Gongshan county in north part of Gaoligong Mountains has the largest number Ericaceae plants with 190 species, and the largest number of endemic Ericaceae species to Gaoligong mountains with 30 species. This probably due to the topography and the climate differences between two parts of Gaoligong Mountain. Along vertical directions, 2 000 - 3 600m elevation belt had the largest number of Ericaceae species with more than 80 species in each 100-m belt, and more than 10 Gaoligong Mountain endemic Ericaceae species in each 100-m belt. This probably due to the unique geography condition and the higher geographic isolation in these elevation parts in Gaoligong mountains.