合适成年人法定顺位的理论反思——基于刑诉法第二百七十条的分析

Theoretical Reflections on the Legal Sequence of Appropriate Adults——Analyses Based on Article 270 of the Criminal Procedure Law

刑诉法第270条确立了我国的合适成年人制度并且强调了法定代理人到场权的优先性,但司法实践中专职、兼职合适成年人的"越位"现象频频发生,合适成年人法定顺位的正当性因此受到质疑。从国家亲权的补充性和个案正义的现实需求来看,确有必要赋予法定代理人优先到场权,但不应当将其绝对化,需要考虑涉案未成年人的个人意志以及到场人员的适格性,增设法定代理人的退出机制。未来在"单一到场模式"下,可以从强化义务性、注重适格性、设立拒绝权以及改革通知机制等方面进行制度完善。

Article 270 of Criminal Procedure Law has established the appropriate adult system in China and highlighted the priority of legal representative's right to be present. However,the full-time or part-time appropriate adults are often offside in judicial practice. Therefore,the justification of appropriate adult's legal sequence is put into question. In order to play the full role of parens patriae's complementary nature and fulfill justice in each single case,although it is necessary to endow legal representatives the priority to be present,it should not be absolute. Instead,legal representatives' exit mechanism need to be established subject to juveniles' personal will and the eligibility of the present adults. In the future,under the "Single Presence Model",the improvement of system can start from strengthening the obligation,highlighting the eligibility,setting up the right to refusal and reforming the notice mechanism.