多学科教育干预模式对经皮冠状动脉介入术后患者健康认知和治疗依从性的影响

Effect of Multi-disciplinary Education Intervention Mode on Health Cognition Level and Treatment Compliance among Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

目的研究以健康信念构建模式为指导的多学科教育干预方案对经皮冠状动脉介入术后患者健康认知和治疗依从性的影响。方法便利抽样选取2015年1-12月三峡大学第二人民医院经皮冠状动脉介入术后患者208例,随机分为干预组和对照组,每组104名患者。干预组行基于健康信念构建模式为指导的多学科教育干预,对照组患者采用常规的健康教育。经过6个月干预后,采用健康行为量表、自制抗血小板知识问卷和中文修订版Morisky服药依从性量分别评价两组患者健康认知水平、术后抗血小板治疗知识掌握程度和服用抗血小板药物的依从性,并统计两组患者心脏不良事件发生率。结果经过6个月干预后,干预组患者健康认知评分、抗血小板知识问卷掌握程度以及服药依从性评分明显优于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且心脏不良事件发生率明显低于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经皮冠状动脉介入术后基于健康信念构建模式为指导的多学科教育干预,是一种积极有效的健康教育模式,它能提高患者抗血小板治疗服药的依从性,纠正患者不良健康行为,从而降低患者心脏不良事件的发生率,改善护理结局。

Objective To study the effects of health belief model(HBM)based multi-disciplinary education on the health cognition and treatment compliance of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods By convenience sampling,208 patients with PCI were selected and randomly divided into interventional group and control group,with 104 patients in each group.The interventional group was constructed HBM-based multi-disciplinary education for 6 months,and the control group were treated with routine health education.Pre-and post-test were evaluated by health cognitive with health promoting lifestyle profile(HPLP),antiplatelet knowledge level with self-made questionnaire,antiplatelet medication adherence with Chinese version of Morisky scale,and percentage of adverse cardiac events among two groups.Results After 6 months' intervention,health behavior score,antiplatelet knowledge questionnaire and medication compliance in the interventional group were significantly better than the control group(P <0.05).The incidence of adverse cardiac events was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The HBM-based multi-disciplinary education intervention for PCI patients is a positive and efficient mode of health education.It can improve the compliance of patients with antiplatelet medication,changes patients' adverse health behaviors,so as to reduce the recurrence of disease and the incidence of adverse cardiac events,improve nursing outcomes.