人工智能时代的工作与职业培训:发展趋势与应对思考——基于《工作与职业培训的未来》及“云劳动”的解读

Jobs and Vocational Training in the Era of Artificial Intelligence:Trend and Strategy Thinking: The Interpretation of “the Future of Jobs and Jobs Training” and Cloud Labor

人工智能已经嵌入到人类生活的各个领域,并对人类生活以及社会结构产生巨大的影响和冲击,其中,劳动力市场首当其冲。为了呈现人工智能时代工作和职业培训的发展趋势,美国皮尤研究中心发布了《工作和职业培训的未来》的研究报告。该报告揭示,人工智能时代的工作领域将呈现三大趋势:一是工作被机器替代;二是工作岗位供给不足;三是"云劳动"的出现。为了应对工作领域的重大变化,人工智能时代的职业培训会发生相应的调整:职业培训对象将滋生转型、适应和应变的学习需求;职业培训内容应服务于不同的学习需求,获得充足的"软"技能;职业培训方法需要结合传统形式与现代技术,广泛应用电子指导、数字化学徒制等形式,建立数字化的职业培训模式;职业培训应构建数字化认证系统,为企业和劳动力搭建职业匹配的认证"媒介";职业培训政策需持续完善,实现职业培训与人工智能相适应。

Artificial intelligence embedded in each field of human life brings various kinds of impacts. It’s a particular concern on the labor market. In order to realize the development trend of jobs and vocational training in the era of artificial intelligence, the Pew Research Center has published a report entitled the future of work and vocational training. The research suggests that the future jobs would present three trends. Firstly,jobs will be replaced by machines. Secondly,jobs or positions will be in short supply. Thirdly,the cloud labor is in the making. The vocational training in the era of artificial intelligence will be adjusted accordingly to cope with the major changes in the field of jobs. The vocational training objects will breed the learning needs in the transformation,adaptation and strain. In this,the vocational training should serve different learning needs for the obtainment of soft skills. And then the vocational training methods require the combination of traditional forms and modern technology,quoted with the electronic guidance,digital apprenticeship and so on. Besides,the vocational training should build a digital authentication system to establish a professional matching certification “media” for enterprises and labor force. Finally,the vocational training policy needs to be continuously improved along with the adaptation to the artificial intelligence.