多重宇宙理论是思辨物理学

Multiverse Theory Is Speculative Physics

1957年埃弗莱特提出量子力学的"多世界"诠释,用"世界的分裂"取代波函数的坍缩。后来"多世界"被理解为"多宇宙",各个宇宙不发生相互作用,又称为"平行宇宙"。暴胀理论认为,宇宙可以不断创生。泰格马克提出数学宇宙假说,认为数学结构都是宇宙,多重宇宙的数目多得惊人。多重宇宙论是思辨物理学,因为我们不可能获得平行宇宙的任何信息,只能对其作思辨性讨论。多重宇宙论的基本信念是一切皆有可能,所有的可能都会成为现实。其方法原则:思维的逻辑即事物的逻辑,逻辑的可能即现实的可能;数学模型即实体,数学存在即物理存在;想象即现实,随意想象即科学想象。用这样的信念、逻辑、数学观念和随意想象来研究多重宇宙论,只能是思辨物理学。多重宇宙论有一定的哲学意义:为人择原理提供新的论证;多重宇宙自我选择,无需上帝的设计;多重宇宙各不相同,不可能有唯一的终极理论;加深我们对想象的本质的理解。温伯格对多重宇宙论的辩护值得商榷,霍金也持多重宇宙论观点,并认为哲学已死,但笔者认为多重宇宙论会演变为一种哲学理论。

In 1957, H.Everett proposed the multi-world interpretation of quantum mechanics and replaced the wave function collapse with"the disruption of the world". Later on, the"multi-world"was understood as"multiverse".According to him, multiverse, also called"parallel universes", do not interact with each other. In inflationary theory,universes can create constantly. Max Tegmark put forward the mathematical cosmological hypothesis that mathematical structures are universes and there are a large number of universes. Multiverse theory is speculative physics, and we can only make speculative discussions on it due to the impossibility of obtaining the message of the parallel universes. The basic ideology of multiverse theory is that everything is possible and all possibility can be reality. Its principles are as follows: the logic of thoughts is the logic of things; the logical possibility is the possibility in reality; a mathematical model is an entity; mathematical being is physical being; imagination is reality and random imagination is scientific imagination. With these principles, multiverse theory can only be speculative physics.Multiverse theory has a certain philosophical significance in providing a new proof to anthropic principle. According to multiverse theory, multiverses select on their own without the design of the God, and there are different universes without the only ultimate theory. All these will deepen our understanding of the nature of imagination. Steven Weinberg's defense of multiverse theory is questionable. Stephen William Hawking also holds multiverse views and affirms that philosophy has been dead, but the author holds that multiverse theory will turn into a philosophical theory.