生态文明视域中的国际环境正义问题研究

A Study of International Environmental Justice from Perspective of Ecological Civilization

当前社会,越来越严重的生态困境开始挑战人类的生存底线,并引发世界各国的广泛关注。环境正义作为世界环境保护运动的产物,弥补了传统环境伦理在实践方面的不足。如果说"正义"作为公平、正当的利益和权利关系范畴,是一种"善"的概念,"环境正义"强调所有环境主体平等地享有各种环境权利并承担环境义务,是一种"类"正义的范畴,那么,在生态危机席卷全球的当代,国际环境正义则是一种公平公正的国际生态秩序。当前国际社会正在遭遇国际环境资源分配不均之"困"、环境污染转嫁之"困"、国际环境权利与义务不对等之"困"以及国际环境制度不公之"困"。积极应对国际环境正义之困,世界各国尤其是发展中国家,应树立明确的环境主权意识,在充分发挥国际环境组织作用的同时,推进落实"共同但有区别的责任"原则,由此广泛推进国际交流与生态合作。因此,深入思考国际环境正义之"困"并积极寻求化解之道,对于世界各国共同应对生态危机,推动世界广大发展中国家的生态文明建设和我国当前"十三五"环保规划的落实具有积极意义。

In the current society, the ecological dilemma has widely spread all over the world and began to challenge the bottom line of human survival, which has caught worldwide concern. Environmental justice, as a product of the environmental protection movement, makes up for the deficiency in the practice of the traditional environmental ethics. In modern era with global ecological crises, if"justice", as a relationship domain of fair and legitimate interest and rights, is taken as a concept of"benevolence", and if"environmental justice", emphasizing all environmental subjects enjoying environmental rights and assuming environmental obligations equally, is taken as a concept of"category", international environmental justice is then fair and equitable international ecological order.The current international community is experiencing problems, such as the unequal distribution of international environmental resources, environmental pollution transfer, the mismatching of international environmental rights and obligations, and the unjust international environmental system. To cope with these problems, all countries in the world, especially developing countries, should widely promote international communication and ecological cooperation by establishing a clear sense of environmental sovereignty, giving full play to the roles of international environmental organizations, and promoting the implementation of"common but differentiated responsibilities".Therefore, the study of the problems in international environmental justice and of the resolution has great significance in the joint dealing with the ecological crisis, in the promotion of ecological civilization progress in developing countries and in the implementation of the"13 th Five-Year"environmental planning.