必要的生态转向:从“非生态”消费到“生态”消费

Indispensable Ecological Shift: from “non-Ecological” Consumption to “Ecological” Consumption

自人类社会产生以来,人类一直扮演着劳动者和消费者的双重角色,并通过劳动和消费与大自然进行物质能量的交换。20世纪以来,消费和市场成为社会发展的重要驱动力量。然而,注重物质消费的片面性消费、彰显权财的炫耀式消费、表现特征的符号性消费、自我苛责的吝啬性消费、残忍暴力的野蛮性消费等"非生态"消费方式造成了自然生态系统的紊乱,导致了经济发展的滞后,破坏了社会秩序的和谐,进而挑战人类自身的生存底线。"生态"消费是物质需要、精神需要与生态需要的"统一"、经济利益、社会效益与生态效益的"多赢"、适度消费、绿色消费与低碳消费的"多元",它以环境的自我承载能力和自我净化能力为界限,在生态系统的自我修复和自我净化范畴内开展人类活动,致力于建立一种以人与自然协同发展、和谐相处为目的的生态发展机制,保证消费动机生态化、消费过程生态化以及消费结果生态化。由此,通过公众维度的拉力、企业维度的实力、政府维度的推力与媒体维度的传播力,形成社会主义生态文明建设的社会"合力",进而推进"非生态"消费到"生态"消费的生态转向是人类文明发展的必然趋势,对于推进社会主义生态文明的建设和全面落实"十三五"环保规划具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

Since the emergence of human society, human beings have been playing a dual role of both laborer and consumers, and exchange material and energy with nature through labor and consumption. Since the 20 th Century,consumption and market have become an important driving force for social development. However, the one-sided emphasis on material consumption, conspicuous consumption highlighting rights and property, features of symbolic consumption, self-blaming stingy consumption, cruel and violent consumption and other"non-ecological"consumptions have caused the disorder of ecological system, stagnation in economic growth, and spoiled social harmony, and thus challenge the bottom of human survival. The"ecological"consumption is the"unity"of material,spiritual and ecological needs. It attaches importance to economic, social and ecological benefits with the characteristics of moderate, green and low carbon consumptions. Within the limits of the carrying and self-purification capacity of environment and ecological system, it aims to establish an ecological development mechanism characterized by the coordinated development and harmonious coexistence of human and nature. It stresses the ecological motivation, process and result of consumption. The ecological shift from"non-ecological"consumption to"ecological"consumption is an inevitable trend of human civilization development. It is of theoretical and practical significances for socialist eco-civilization construction and the implementation of the"13 th Five-Year"environmental planning, which calls for the joint efforts of the public, enterprises, governments and media.