论中国古代文学共同体的形成机制及其阐释学意义

On the Community of Traditional Chinese Literature: Its Forming Mechanism and Hermeneutical Significance

任何阐释都是公共性行为,是人与人之间对话与交流的一种方式,因此阐释行为必定发生在一个共同体之中。在中国古代,文学共同体的产生和演变有着漫长的历史,呈现多种不同形态。从周代至魏晋之际,先后出现了"贵族文学共同体""经学文学共同体""介于自律与他律之间文学共同体"和"自律的文学共同体"等四种形态。魏晋之后,除了"贵族文学共同体"之外,其他各种文学共同体形态都并行不悖地存在并变化着,而且各自还都衍生出许多次级形态。文学共同体的产生和演变与社会政治、文化、主体身份都有着密切关联,可以视为某种社会文化思潮的文学表征。从这一视角出发可以发现诸如文学评价标准的形成、文学的"区隔"功能等许多值得探讨的问题。

Every hermeneutical attempt is a public behavior,and it is a means of communication between people,therefore,hermeneutical behavior usually takes place in a community. In ancient China,the birth of literary community and evolution feature along history and great diversity. From the Zhou Dynasty to Wei-Jin Period,there occurred four communities including literary community for aristocrats,literary economic literary community,literary community between self-discipline and other-discipline and literary community between self-discipline. After the Wei-Jin Period,apart from the first community,other communities have experienced constant changes and developed many hierarchy forms. The birth and evolution of the literary community are closely related to the social politics,culture and self-identification,thus it can be regarded as a literary manifestation of some social and cultural trend. From this perspective,many worthwhile research problems are to be found concerning the formation of the criteria of literary criticism and separation function of literature.