生物有机肥对压砂西瓜促生防病效果及土壤微生物区系的影响

Effects of bio-organic fertilizers application on the growth promotion,disease preventionandthe soil microflora of gravel-covered watermelon

以压砂西瓜枯萎病为靶标对象,采用稀释平板涂抹法、Biolog-ECO微平板法和田间穴施方法,研究了施用生物有机肥对压砂西瓜的促生防病效果及对土壤微生物区系和群落功能多样性的影响。结果表明:穴施不同用量的生物有机肥对西瓜植株具有促生长作用,对枯萎病防控效果和增产作用明显,其中防效达77%以上,增产率达15%以上;且能够改变土壤微生物区系,使西瓜根部土壤细菌、放线菌数量增加,尖孢镰刀菌(病原菌)数量减少,真菌数量呈现先减少后缓慢增加趋势;土壤微生物群落对碳源的利用能力增高,微生物代谢活性较强,土壤微生物群落功能多样性存在一定的差异;单施基质200 g/穴对压砂西瓜植株生长也具有一定的促进作用,但防病效果差于单施生物有机肥100 g/穴,对压砂地土壤可起到疏松作用。总体来讲,施用生物有机肥能够明显促进压砂西瓜植株生长,有效防控西瓜枯萎病的发生,使土壤微生物区系向着有利的方向发展。

In this study,Fusarium wiltofgravel-covered watermelon was taken as thetarget object. Through dilution-plate semar,Biolog-ECO micro-plate methodand field experimentin hole application,we studied the effects of bio-organic fertilizer application on the growth promotion,disease prevention and the effects on soil microflora,the functional diversity of soil microbial community. The results showed that using different amount of biological organic fertilizer application on gravel-covered watermelon plant in per hole point had a growth promotion effect. The effect of prevention control of Fusarium wilt and yieldgoes also obviously. The control effect reached more than 77% and the growth rate of yield was above 15%. Besides,bio-organic fertilizer application can change the soil microflora,increase the number of Bacteria and Actinomycetes in watermelon root and decrease amount of Fusarium oxysporum(pathogens). And the number of Fungi decreased a little before increased slowly. Still,the soil microbial community improved their ability of using carbon resources and speed of metabolic activity. Functional diversity of soil microbialcommunity has something in different. The application of matrix 200 g alone had a certain effect on the growth of gravel-covered watermelon plants. However,the disease controlling effect was worse than that ofbio-organic fertilizer 100 g because its main function of matrix was to loosen the soil. In general,the application of bio-organic fertilizer can significantly promote the growth of gravel-covered watermelon plants,effectively reduce Fusarium wilt of watermelon and drive soil microfloraof a beneficial direction.