早期中国马克思主义文论家的传统教育背景及其对“左翼”文论的影响

The Traditional Education Background of Marxism Literary Theorists in Early China and Its Influence on the Left-wing Literary Theory

中国第一代左翼理论家青少年时代接受的教育当中,传统教育占了很大的比重,由此形成的艺术观念与文学修养,是他们接受、理解从国外传来的马克思主义文论时无法排除的前见。"革命文学"论争过程中,面对年轻的革命家宣扬的"马列主义文学理论",鲁迅与茅盾最初很大程度上是凭着从小培养起来的艺术直觉提出质疑,然后再为这种质疑寻找理论根据的;瞿秋白能够在指导"左联"工作时尊重文艺规律,并成为鲁迅的"知音",进而对中国马克思主义文论与批评的建设做出突出贡献,其青少年时期所接受的艺术教育起了重要作用。中国传统文学观念以及在国外形成的马克思主义文学观念,都是十分复杂的存在。前者影响后者的具体过程因此也就表现得极为复杂。但是,这种影响的存在,却是一个不容忽视的事实。

The first generation of Chinese left-wing literary theorists had received a large amount of traditional education when they were young. This traditional education played a very important role in shaping their art views and literary accomplishment, which, in turn, constituted the indispensible fore-understanding for them to accept and understand Marxism literary theory coming from abroad. In the controversy of＂Revolutionary Literature＂, facing the ＂ Marxism literary theory＂ advocated by young revolutionists, Lu Xun and Mao Dun questioned them initially largely from their nurtured artistic intuition since their childhood, and then they tried to find the theoretical basis for the question. Qu Qiubai could respect the law of literature and art when he worked in the League of the left-wing Writers, and became Lu Xun＇s ＂close friend＂. Therefore,Qu Qiubai had made outstanding contributions to the construction of Chinese Marxism literary theory and criticism. The art education he received in his youth played an important role. Both the views of Chinese traditional literature and the ideas of Marxism literature are very complicated. The concrete process of how the former has influenced the latter is extremely complicated. However, the existence of such an impact is a fact that cannot be ignored.