朱熹对儒佛之异的辨识及其当代价值

Zhuxi's Discrimination between Confucianism and Buddhism

经过李侗的点拨与开导后,朱熹认识到儒学与佛学有着是否客观理性面对现实这样根本不同的社会态度。然而当时儒士们在应对现实事物的过程中却掺杂着类似于佛学主观体悟的非理性方法。为此,朱熹根据对《中庸》《大学》的重新解读,提出未应对事物时(未发)应保有对客观事理的敬重,应对事物时(已发)尽全力探求事物客观真理的理性的原则。与农业社会相比,当代社会变得更加复杂多变。一部分人消极避世类似于佛教中的"默照禅",另一部分人高估自己的主观能动性而不顾客观随意解读现实、扭曲现实,类似于佛教中的"看话禅"。重新审读朱子对儒佛之异的辨识,对于当代人建立合理的人生观、价值观都有重要的意义。

Becoming an official of Tong'an County,Zhu Xi began to be aware of the irrelevance of the Buddhist philosophy to the real world. With the help of his tutor Li Tong,Zhu Xi came to see that,despite some similarities on the surface,Buddhism and Confucianism were fundamentally different in their social attitudes. As a result,Zhu Xi abandoned Buddhism and took a Confucian approach. In this process,Zhu Xi switched the basis of his philosophy of life from Epiphany to Peacefulness,and finally to Respectfulness,or rather " Lively Respectfulness" in his own words. Furthermore,having absorbed his predecessors' ideas,Zhu Xi created a neo-Confucian system for both peacefulness and its opposition,covering both essence and its manifestations. In this way Zhu Xi drew a clear line between Confucian and Buddhist philosophies.