农业组织对农业机械应用需求与购买因素研究

Analysis on Agricultural Organizations' Application Requirements for Agricultural Machinery and Factors Affecting Purchasing Behavior

农业机械已成为提高劳动生产率和促进农民增收的关键要素,而农业机械的应用及推广扩散是提高农业生产效率的必经之路。为此,基于对全国58个农业组织的调研数据,分析了农业机械应用现状及不同类型农业机械的需求,并通过交叉列联表方法找出了与农业组织购买农业机械行为相关的关键因素。研究结果表明:(1)购买农机的农业组织占到46.6%,有65.5%在农业生产中的农机服务来自农户群体;(2)农业生产各环节机械化程度从大到小依次为运输>翻耕平整>植保>加工贮藏>灌溉>播种栽培>收获,农业组织对他人提供农业机械的作业质量、服务费用和服务态度满意度均未达到50%;(3)农业组织对农业生产各类农业机械需求从大到小依次为收获加工机械>施肥机械>动力输送机械>耕整机械=植保机械>播种栽培机械>排灌机械;(4)农业组织购买农业机械行为与耕地面积、土壤类型、作业质量、收费情况、服务态度、政策支持、吸纳农户、扶持农业组织政策、了解农机购置补贴和获得农机购置补贴10个因素存在相关性。研究结果与政策建议对农业管理及农机服务部门科学决策具有重要的参考价值。

Agricultural machinery has become the key factor to improve labor productivity and increase farmers＇ income,and the application and popularization of agricultural machinery is the only way to improve the efficiency of agricultural production. Based on the survey data,the statistical description method was used to analyze application requirements and the Crosstab Analysis was used to analyze factors affecting purchasing behavior. The results indicated that there were 46.6% of agricultural organizations to purchase agricultural machinery and 65. 5% mainly got agricultural services from farmers. On the whole,the degree of mechanization of agricultural production each link from large to small was as follows： transport,plowing and leveling,plant protection,processing and storage,irrigation,planting and harvesting. The satisfaction of the agricultural organization on the quality,cost and service attitude of agricultural machinery was less than half. Demand for different agricultural machinery from large to small was as follows： harvesting and processing,fertilizing,transport,plowing and leveling and plant protection,planting and irrigation. Arable land area,soil type,operation quality,charges,service attitude,policy support,leading farmers,policy of support agricultural organization,understand and get the purchase of agricultural subsidies were significantly correlated with the purchasing agricultural machinery of agricultural organizations. The research results have important reference value for agricultural management and agricultural machinery service department.