小麦宽幅播种机种肥开沟装置的设计与研究

Design and Experiment for the Fertilizer Ditching Device of Wheat Wide Seeder

针对华北平原地区小麦、玉米一年两熟种植中,因玉米秸秆覆盖量大,机具播种过程中易产生堵塞,导致播种质量差、苗弱拥挤等问题,结合当地农艺要求及种肥同播原理,设计了一种新型小麦复式作业机具,可一次完成旋耕、开沟、施肥、播种、覆土及镇压等多项作业。该机具中的种肥开沟装置采用宽播幅(12cm)分散式粒播,扩大了小麦的种植幅宽及单株营养面积,促进了小麦植株根系发达,苗体健壮;种肥同沟垂直分施可实现小麦种肥同播,从而提高化肥利用率。田间试验结果表明:小麦平均播种深度为3.8cm,种深合格率为92.5%,采用种肥垂直分施方式,平均施肥深度为12.3cm,施肥深度合格率为94.7%,种肥深度满足种肥同播农艺要求。该机具在播种过程中未出现明显堵塞,通过性良好。

In North China,many wheat-maize double cropping areas have many problems about wheat seeder,such as large amount of straw-covering,bad passing capacity and poor planting quality. Combing with these problems and the requirement of local agronomy and principle of seeding,a new type of wheat seeder was designed,which can complete the ditching,seeding,fertilizer,soil covering and pressing. The fertilizer ditching device in this wheat seeder can be used for distributed sowing with wide range（ 12cm）,which expands the wheat planting width and nutrient area,it is also propitious to the wheat seedling roots; A new device for fertilizer ditching can realize wheat seed and fertilizer sowing in the meantime,it improves the utilization rate of fertilizer. The field experiment showed that the mean sowing depth was 3. 8cm,and the qualified rate of the sowing depth was 92. 5%,the mean fertilizing depth was 12. 3cm,and the qualified rate of fertilizing depth reached 94. 7%,both of them met the requirements of fertilizer and sowing agronomic. The wheat seeder has the good performance during the sowing process.