基于“素养为本”的高中化学学业水平考试命题研究

Research on Competency-Oriented High School Chemistry Proficiency Test Development

化学学科核心素养包括宏观辨识与微观探析、变化观念与平衡思想、证据推理与模型认知、实验探究与创新意识、科学态度与社会责任5个维度。这5个维度既体现了具有化学学科特质的思想和方法,也从科学探究与创新意识的实践层面激励了创新的科学实践活动,并实现了科学态度与社会责任更高层面的价值追求。阐述这些维度的化学的含义和价值,并使之具象化,为基于"素养为本"的高中化学学业水平考试命题指明了方向。高中化学学业水平考试既要考查5个素养的不同层次,又要以实际问题为测试任务,以真实情境为测试载体,以化学必备知识、思想方法和核心观念为解决问题的工具,运用多种策略编制试题,以充分利用好"考试指挥棒"的作用,为发展学生的化学核心素养这一化学课程的根本目的服务。

The key competencies of chemistry includes five dimensions： macro identification and micro analysis, changing concepts and balanced thoughts, evidence-based reasoning and model cognition, experimental exploration and innovative consciousness, scientific spirit and social responsibility. These five dimensions not only embody the ideas and methods of chemistry disciplines but also inspire innovative scientific practice from the practical level of scientific inquiry and innovation consciousness so as to pursue the value of scientific spirit and social responsibility on a higher level. Expounding the meaning and value of chemistry in these dimensions and making it concrete, to guide competency-oriented senior high school chemistry proficiency test development. The academic proficiency test not only examines the different levels of the five competencies, but also takes the practical problems as the test tasks, the real situation as the testing carrier, the chemical essential knowledge, the thinking method and the core concepts as the tools to solve the problem, and adopts various strategies to develop the test in order to make full use of the test as a ＂baton＂, to serve the development of students＇ key competencies of chemistry, which is the fundamental purpose of the subject.