考试的经济功能新论

New Opinions on the Economic Function of Examinations

考试在客观上是追求效率的工具和手段,而提升活动效率本身就是发挥了客观的经济功能,科学的考试是一种有效的经济机制。作为获取教育资源的途径,考试赋予应试者一定的教育资格;作为获取社会资源的手段,考试甄别、检测应试者的素质能力,检验教育投资效果。在人力资本的形成上,考试通过对教育发展的导向和辅助来发挥作用。必须根据人力资源开发的条件和实际需要来设计和应用考试,同时将考试与其他人力资源开发工具相配合,才能真正发挥考试在人力资源开发领域的功能。考试在社会各方面得到广泛应用,考试规模扩大,考试专业化程度提升,考试产业逐步形成,使得关联产业也得到了蓬勃发展,形成了以满足考试主客体双方需要为生存依据的各种产业形态。

Objectively speaking, examinations are used as a means of pursuing efficiency, and the promotion of activity efficiency itself is an objective economic function. This proves that scientific examinations are part of effective economic mechanisms. As a way to obtain educational resources, examinations endow examinees certain qualifications; as a means to acquire social resources, examinations can test and distinguish the quality of examinees and the result of educational investment. In terms of human capital development, examinations play an important role by guiding and assisting educational development. In order to truly perform their function in the field of human resource development, examinations must be designed and applied based on the condition and actual requirement of human resource development, and at the same time be combined with other human resource development tools. The wide use of examinations, along with their expanded scale and improved specialization, gives birth to various examination-driven businesses, which meet the vast demands of all the stakeholders of examinations.