太阳光利用型植物工厂的设计与试验研究

Design and Experimental Research of the Type of Utilizing Sunlight Plant Factory

针对黑龙江特殊的地理位置和独特的气候条件,结合传统温室大棚种植存在的生长环境难控制、光照不足、受自然灾害影响大等问题,设计建造了太阳光利用型植物工厂。该设施利用控制系统软件和传感器实现对植物生长的温度、湿度、光照、CO_2浓度及营养液等环境因子的自动调控,植物对光能的利用率非常之高。是露地生产的10倍以上。其植物生产系统完全可以做到最小限度地使用肥料和水,不施用农药,不将污染物排放到植物工厂外部,最终实现持续、周年生产。通过番茄无土短程栽培试验表明:番茄在后期生长的形态指标、果实指标要优于传统温室土培番茄。研究结果为番茄无土短程栽培提供了数据支持。

In view of the Heilongjiang Province of the special geographical location and unique climatic conditions, com- bined with The problems existing in the traditional greenhouses, difficult to control the growth environment, insufficient illumination, greatly affected by the natural disasters, type of utilizing sunlight plant factory was designed and built. This type of facility utilizs control system software and sensors to automaticly control plant growing environment factors, inclu- ding temperature, humidity, light, CO2 concentration and nutrient solution. The rate of light energy utilization is very high, and it is more than 10 times to the outdoor production. Its plant production system can completely minimally use of fertilizer and water, unusing pesticides and no-discharge pollutants to the outside of the plant factory, finally realizing the continuousing and anniversary production. The growth of the plant in the facilities can rarely or never subject to the natu- ral conditions, providing best environment for the plants to grow. Tomato soilless short- range cultivation experiment showed that tomato in the late of grow stage is superior to the traditional greenhouse soil culture tomatoes in the morpho- logical index and furit index. The research results provides data support for the tomato soilless short-range cultivation.