木薯收获机挖掘铲挖深控制系统设计

Design of Automatic Depth-control System for Digging Blade of Cassava Harvester

木薯挖掘过程中,带有一定入土角的挖掘铲一直有朝深度方向挖掘的趋势,导致机具动力消耗过大;挖掘铲在切土、碎土过程中,对挖掘铲的入土倾角要求也有所不同。针对上述问题,设计了一种平行四杆机构,使挖掘铲的运动满足一定的运动轨迹;为了实现挖掘铲运动的精确控制,设计出地表检测机构。工作时,两种机构结合,利用传感器测出挖掘过程中的信号,经过运算处理后控制电磁换向阀换向,可以精确控制液压缸动作,从而调节木薯挖掘铲挖掘深度,实现木薯挖掘过程中挖掘深度的自动精确控制。

During the process of harvesting cassava,the digging blade with a certain earth entry angle shows a tendency towards the deeper direction of earth when it＇s working,which bring about the problems that machine power consumption is too large. Besides,different lug angles are needed when digging blade is cutting and breaking soil. To deal with the two issues,we have developed a parallel four-bar mechanism,which makes the shovel satisfy a certain trajectory. In order to realize the precise depth-control function of digging blade,we developed the farmland detection device,using sensors to measure signal in the digging process and the signal outputs to the control system. After processing of calculation,the received signal makes electromagnetic directional valve switch which enable the hydraulic cylinder action,so as to realize the automatic control of digging depth.