婴儿先天性心脏病危险因素病例对照研究

Risk factors of congenital heart diseases in infants: a case-control study

目的探讨婴儿先天性心脏病(CHD)发生的危险因素。方法利用彩色超声技术对婴儿进行心脏彩超筛查,按照1:2配比进行病例对照研究,采用自编调查问卷对146例先天性心脏病婴儿(病例组)和292名正常婴儿(对照组)家长进行调查,采用卡方检验和Logistic回归模型分析婴儿先天性心脏病相关危险因素。结果多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明父母亲文化程度、职业、家庭经济收入、噪声污染、母亲被动吸烟、孕期有毒有害物质接触为影响婴儿CHD发生的主要影响因素,其中父母文化程度较低、家庭经济水平较低、母亲孕期受噪声污染、母亲孕期被动吸烟及接触有毒有害物质是婴儿CHD发生的危险因素。结论婴儿先天性心脏病的发生受多种因素的影响,一方面应加强育龄妇女及其家庭成员相关知识的健康教育,另一方面应对婴儿进行早期先天性心脏病的筛查,提高诊断水平,降低儿童CHD的发生。

Objective To explore the risk factors of congenital heart diseases（ CHD） in infants. Methods Color ultrasonography was used for heart screening of infants,a 1 ： 2 matched case-control study was conducted,a self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the parents of 146 infants with CHD（ case group） and 292 normal infants,Chi-squared test and logistic regression model were used to analyze the related risk factors of CHD in infants. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parental educational levels,occupation,family income,noise pollution,maternal passive smoking,exposure to toxic and harmful substance during pregnancy were the main influencing factors of CHD in infants; low parental educational levels,low family income,maternal exposure to noise pollution during pregnancy,maternal passive smoking, exposure to toxic and harmful substance during pregnancy were risk factors of CHD in infants.Conclusion CHD in infants is affected by multiple factors,on the one hand,health education of related knowledge should be strengthened among the women of childbearing age and the family members; on the other hand,early screening of CHD among infants should be performed,the level of diagnosis should be improved to reduce the occurrence of CHD in children.