大辩论与大转折:朴槿惠时代中韩关系的反思与启示

The Great Debate and Transition:Reflections and Enlightenments of China-ROK Relations in the Park Geun-hye Era

朴槿惠执政的四年是中韩关系发展史上的一个关键时期,随着双边交往从"蜜月"陷入低潮,两国关系正处在建交25年以来的重大转折点上。本文通过梳理和总结朴槿惠时代中韩关系的发展历程认为,当前理论界就如何处理中韩关系存在着"经中安美""平衡中美"和"亲美疏中"三派观点的激烈争论,而这一争论的发展轨迹与朴槿惠时代中韩关系的跌宕起伏息息相关。同时,理论之争从一个侧面也反映出中韩关系面临着经济交流难以开启安保合作,"中国红利"的副作用显现,中韩、美韩关系零和性凸显,中韩、中朝关系呈现"双向受阻"等四大亟待解决的难题。反思朴槿惠时代中韩关系的发展经验,两国的战略目标仍存错位,互信亟须提升,中韩、美韩关系零和性未有改善,对未来东亚秩序的安排也缺乏共同认知。因此,在文在寅时代,中韩两国应努力通过构建"建设性并立"的新模式来促成美韩"同盟"与中韩"伙伴"间的良性互动,建立双边战略经济对话机制以实现危机事件的有效管控,提升经贸交流的质量和优化红利的分配来推动贸易结构的转型,推行政经分离的"双轨"策略以创造有利于朝鲜弃核的内外环境,最终实现中韩战略关系的转型升级。

The four years of Park Gen-hye Administration are important periods in the history of China-ROK relations. With the "Honeymoon" between the two countries falling into the bottom, the China-ROK relationship stands at a turning point since the two countries established the diplomatic relations. Around the problem of the development of China-ROK relations, the academia is divided into three groups :First, depending on China in economic issues while depending on the U.S. in security issues; Second, implementing a balancing policy between China and U.S.; Third, executing a proAmerican policy. These arguments make Koreans feel reluctant whether they should be friendly to China. Moreover, the development of China-ROK relations is also facing practical problems such as:First, economic cooperation cannot initiate the security cooperation; Second, side effects of "Chinese bonus" appear; Third, the China-ROK relations and U.S.-ROK relations are still playing a zero-sum game; Fourth, both of China-ROK relations and China-DPRK relations are in hard times. Reflecting the China-ROK relations in the Park Era, China and ROK hold different strategic goals and lack of mutual trust and common understanding of the future East Asian Order. At the same time, China-ROK Relations and U.S.-ROK alliance seem to be under a zero-sum game. Therefore, in order to promoting the their strategic relations in the Moon Jae-in administration, China and ROK should make a positive interaction between U.S.-ROK alliance and China-ROK Relations by improving China-ROK security cooperation and U.S.-ROK economic cooperation, establish the China-ROK Strategic Economic Dialogue, improve the quality of trade exchanges, make a proper distribution of the economic bonus and create environments contributing to a nuclear-free DPRK by implementing a two-track policy of separating politics and economics.