松花江上游夹皮沟金矿开采区芦苇叶片汞分布特征

Distribution Characteristics of Mercury in Reed Leaves from the Jiapigou Gold Mine in the Songhua River Upstream

为研究金矿开采区周围芦苇(Phragmites australis)叶片汞含量的分布特征、影响因素及其与其它环境要素的相关性,2016年6月(夏季)和9月(秋季)在位于松花江上游的夹皮沟金矿开采区内采集芦苇叶片、土壤、水体样本测定汞含量,同步测定大气汞浓度,并通过单因子污染指数法确定芦苇叶片汞污染等级,分析芦苇叶片汞含量与环境要素汞含量的相关关系.结果表明,在空间分布上,芦苇叶片汞含量以及土壤、水体汞含量均随离夹皮沟金矿距离的加大而逐渐衰减,大气汞浓度空间分布特征不明显;在时间分布上,芦苇叶片汞重污染地区夏季汞含量低于秋季,芦苇叶片汞轻污染地区夏季汞含量略高于秋季,而大气汞、土壤汞含量均为夏季高于秋季;各环境要素对芦苇叶片汞含量的影响重要程度依次为:土壤>大气>水体;此外,停止混汞法采金多年后,夹皮沟金矿开采区汞源主要为土壤.

At the Jiapigou gold mine of the Songhua River upstream,reed leaves（Phragmites australis）,soil,and water samples were collected from June（summer） and September（autumn） 2016 for the determination of mercury.Moreover,the mercury concentrations in the air were determined synchronously.Furthermore,the level of mercury pollution in the reed leaves was determined by a single factor pollution index method,and the relationships among mercury concentrations in the reed leaves and environmental factors were analyzed to research the distribution characteristics,influencing factors,and correlations around the gold mining area.The results show that,in terms of spatial distribution,the mercury concentrations in reed leaves,soil,and water gradually decay with the distance from the gold mining area,and the spatial distribution of the mercury concentrations in the air was not obvious.Regarding a temporal distribution,the mercury concentrations in the reed leaves in summer were lower than those in autumn in the heavy pollution areas,while the distribution in the light pollution areas was the opposite,as the mercury concentrations of air and soil in summer were higher than those in autumn.The influence of environmental factors on the mercury concentrations in the reed leaves was soilairwater.In addition,after stopping gold mining and processing using mercury,the mercury source in the area was the soil.