杂谈猪的遗传改良——冻精与批次分娩对大白猪繁殖性状遗传参数估计或繁殖性能的影响

By-talks about Pig Genetic Improvement: Effects of Frozen Semen and Batch Management System on Reproductive Performance

本研究旨在分析影响大白猪繁殖性能因素(批次管理体系和精液类型)与遗传参数估计,为目标群体的遗传评估及生产管理奠定理论基础。利用DMU和ASREML软件分析2 026头大白母猪共4 512窝繁殖记录,涉及4个繁殖性状(总产仔数、产活仔数、21日龄窝重和断奶仔猪数)。结果表明:大白猪4个繁殖性状的遗传力估计值均在0.10左右,各性状间均成强正遗传相关(0.54以上)。精液类型(鲜精和冻精)效应对断奶仔猪数和21日龄窝重影响不显著(P>0.05),对总产仔数和产活仔数影响显著(P<0.05),其中冻精在总产仔数和产活仔数上较鲜精均少1头左右(P<0.05)。批次管理体系研究表明,由单周批次管理体系转变为4周批次管理体系后,母猪繁殖性能有所下降,产活仔数、断奶仔数猪和21日龄窝重分别下降0.51头、0.61头和10.13 kg。

The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and analyzed factors （i.e. batch management system and frozen semen） that may influence reproductive performance for Yorkshire pigs, which may establish theoretical basis for genetic evaluation and production management of target population. DMU and ASREML software were used to analyze 4 512 litters for 2 026 Yorkshire pigs, including four traits （i.e. total number born, number born alive, litter weight at 21 d, number weaned）. Estimates of heritabilities were all around 0.10 for four traits and estimates of genetic correlations were all strong, positive （P〉0.54）. Effects of semen types have not significant difference on litter weight at 21 d and number weaned（P〉0.05）, however significant difference were found on total number born and number born alive, the litter size of frozen semen was 1 less than that of fresh semen. The study of batch management system indicate that production performance degradation was found when 1-week batch ：management system turn into 4-week batch management system, number born alive, litter weight at 21 d and number weaned declined 0.51, 0.61, 10.13kg, respectively.