重载机车在不同牵引工况下的轮轨匹配分析

Wheel/Rail Matching of Heavy Haul Locomotive under Different Traction Conditions

重载机车轴重增大及速度提高带来了严重的轮轨磨耗问题.针对机车在不同牵引工况下的轮轨型面匹配情况,应用轮轨型面测量仪实测机车车轮型面数据,将标准与磨耗后机车车轮型面分别和标准75 kg/m钢轨型面在对中位置匹配,建立机车轮对-钢轨三维有限元模型,并进行接触计算分析,得出如下结论:车轮踏面磨耗使轮轨间的Mises应力减小,其中标准型面的最大Mises应力点出现在轮轨表面下2~3 mm处,磨耗型面的最大Mises应力点更接近轮轨表面;牵引力使车轮的等效应力点较钢轨上的应力点位置出现纵向偏移,且随着牵引力的增加,纵向偏移量越大;车轮的踏面磨耗使轮轨接触斑中心更接近钢轨内侧轨距角;施加不同牵引工况时的轮轨横向切应力几乎不变;施加相同牵引工况时,车轮型面磨耗1 mm的轮轨纵向切应力大于标准型面,而车轮型面磨耗2 mm的轮轨纵向切应力小于标准型面.

Axle load and speed increase of heavy haul locomotive brought serious wheel - rail wear problem. In order to study the wheel/rail matching of heavy-duty locomotive under different traction conditions, locomotive wheels are measured by using the measure apparatus of wheel-rail profile. After matching the standard and the wear locomotive wheel profiles with standard 75kg/m rail profile respectively, 3D finite element models with wheel set have been established to calculate the wheel/rail contact. The conclusions have been drawn. Wheel tread wear reduces the Von Mises stress between wheel and rail. The maximum Von Mises stress point appears in the standard wheel/rail subsurface 2 -3 ram, while it is closer to the surface of the wear profiles. The traction makes the equivalent stress points of wheel have a longitudinal deviation from the rail, and with the increase of the traction, the deviation becomes greater. The wheel tread wear makes the center of the contact area closer to the gauge angle of the rail. The wheel/rail transverse shear stress under different traction conditions is almost the same.Under stress the same traction condition, when the is larger than the standard wheel profile, wore 2 mm. wheel tread wore lmm, the wheel/rail longitudinal shear while it is smaller than the standard when the wheel tread