《民法总则》规定的虚假民事法律行为的法律适用

The application of law of false juridical acts in the General Principles of Civil Law

《民法总则》第146条第1款是我国民法第一次规定虚假民事法律行为效力的规范,确立了行为人与相对人以虚假的意思表示实施的民事法律行为无效的规则。虚假民事法律行为是指行为人与相对人相互通谋,以虚假的意思表示所实施的民事法律行为。其特点:一是虚假民事法律行为的行为人有双方当事人,二是虚假民事法律行为须双方当事人进行通谋,三是虚假民事法律行为不应包含隐藏他项真实的民事法律行为。其构成要件是:行为人须有两方以上的表意人,双方当事人所表达的意思并非当事人的真意,双方当事人对虚假的意思表示的表达须有通谋。当事人从事虚假民事行为往往是为了欺骗第三人,故虚假民事法律行为的法律后果是无效,但是不得对抗善意第三人。

The first paragraph of Article 146 in the General Principles of Civil Law is the norm to stipulate the validity of false juridical acts for the first time in China. It establishes the rules that the juridical acts performed by an actor and the opposite party based on false declaration of will shall be null and void. The false juridical acts are based on the false decla- ration of will between the actor and the opposite party. The first characteristic of the false juridical acts is that it has two parties. The second is that the parties of the false juridical acts shall have conspiracy with each other. The third is that the false juridical acts shall not contain other true hidden juridical acts. The constitutive requirements of false juridical acts are ： it shall have more than two parties ; the expressed meaning of the parties is not based on their true declaration of will ; the parties shall have conspiracy on the false juridical acts. The parties engaged in the false juridical acts often intend to de- ceive the third person, so the legal consequences of the false juridical acts are null and void, but it shall not bind against the good will of the third party.