从“侦查权”到“审查权”——我国刑事预审制度改革的一种进路

From “indictment” to “the right of review”:——a route of criminal pre-trial system reform in our country

我国的刑事预审通常是指公安等侦查机关的专门人员,依法对犯罪嫌疑人进行讯问和调查,以查明案件全部事实真相,决定是否移送审查起诉或者作出其他决定的侦查活动。这与域外的刑事预审制度中强调对涉案人身自由、财产的审查和刑事案件的分流等功能的制度设计有着原则的区别。1996年《刑事诉讼法》第一次修订时,在保留公安机关刑事案件预审权的基础上,确立了"预侦一体"的侦查制度。2012年《刑事诉讼法》修订中继续确认了公安机关预审职权,未对预审工作机制作出调整。然而,我国现行刑事诉讼制度安排中的"预侦一体"的模式湮灭了我国传统制度设计中的预审功能,与域外的预审制度的设计也相去甚远。改革我国的刑事预审制度,以重构我国刑事审前程序,对落实中央提出"推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革"之精神,具有积极意义。

Our country＇s criminal pre -trial generally refers to investigation activities that specialized personnel interro- gate suspects according to law and investigation, find out the case all the facts and decide whether to prosecute or other de- cision in public security and procuratorial investigation organ. The extraterritorial criminal pre - trial system emphasizing on personal freedom, property involved in the review and diversion of criminal cases, and other functions of system design has a difference of principle with our country＇s. In 1996 the revision of criminal procedural law for the first time, the detection system of the ＂ the integration of preliminary and investigation＂ is established on the basis of reserving the rights of pre - tri- al criminal case of the public security organ. The criminal procedure law in 2012 continues to confirm the rights of pre - tri- al criminal case of the public security organ, but does not adjust to the pre -trial work mechanism. However, ＂the integra- tion of preliminary and investigation＂ patternt of the current criminal prosecution system arrangemen annihilates the function of pre - trial in our country traditional system design, and is completely different with the design of outside pre - trial sys- tem. Under the guidance of the spirit that the central party proposed ＂promoting the reform of trial centered lawsuit sys- tem＂, it is positive significance of reforming the current criminal pretrial procedure and especially reconstructing criminal trial system in our countr.