膳食营养干预预防妊娠期糖尿病

Diet and nutrition interventions prevent gestational diabetes mellitus

妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是孕期常见的并发症之一,近年来呈现上升趋势.膳食营养素（蛋白质、脂肪和脂肪酸、碳水化合物、维生素D、维生素E、铁、锌、硒和肌醇等）的摄入量、膳食模式和益生菌等可能与GDM的发生相关.膳食因素是预防GDM重要的可控因素.本文综述了这些膳食因素在预防GDM的作用.以植物性食物为主的健康膳食模式有可能降低GDM的风险.高动物蛋白质、高脂肪和低碳水化合物的膳食模式可能增加GDM风险.营养素补充预防GDM值得进一步研究.倡导我国孕妇食物多样,以植物性食物和谷类为主,孕期保持适宜体重增长.

Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） is one of the most common complications during pregnancy,with rising trend over the years.Dietary nutrient intake（protein,fat and fatty acids,carbohydrate, vitamin D,vitamin E,iron,zinc,selenium and inositol et al.）,dietary pattern and probiotics may be related to GDM occurrence.Dietary factors are modifiable factors for preventing GDM.The study reviewed the roles of these dietary factors in preventing GDM. Results showed that plant-based dietary pattern may lower the risk of GDM and dietary pattern characterized with high animal protein,high fat and low carbohydrate may increase the risk of GDM. It warrants further studies that nutrient supplementation may prevent pregnant women from GDM. Diverse diet based on plant and cereal food should be promote for healthy and appropriate weight gain during pregnancy.