广西柳州市常见蚊媒传染病流行风险评估研究

Study on the integrated monitoring and risk assessment of main mosquito-borne diseases in Liuzhou City of Guangxi

目的通过开展蚊媒传染病综合监测,并开展风险评估,为蚊媒传染病防控提供依据。方法蚊媒传染病分析采用描述性流行病学方法;成蚊密度监测采用诱蚊灯法,白纹伊蚊专项监测采用诱蚊诱卵器法。利用聚合酶链式反应技术(PCR)检测方法对收集到的蚊虫开展登革病毒、乙脑病原学检测;风险评估利用曾晓巩的病媒生物风险评估体系并适当增加指标。结果柳州市2005-2016年共报告3种蚊媒传染病计149例,年均发病率0.35/10万,其中乙型脑炎72例、疟疾74例、登革热3例;2016年3~11月共捕获雌性蚊9 535只,以致倦库蚊为优势种群占86.49%(8247/9 535),其它依次为中华按蚊占6.50%(620/9 535)、骚扰阿蚊占4.16%(397/9 535)、白纹伊蚊占2.84%(271/9535);诱蚊诱卵器平均指数达20.45,公园平均指数最高25.40,花鸟市场最低6.26;共捕获到的8 247只致倦库蚊用螺旋管分成成224份标本进行乙脑病毒核酸检测,结果显示有9份为阳性,阳性率4.02%;对捕获到的271只白纹伊蚊分装成14份进行登革热病毒核酸检测,结果均为阴性。综合判断乙型脑炎、疟疾风险评价指数为低危险度风险,登革热为中等危险度风险。结论开展蚊媒传染病风险评估是可行的;柳州市登革热存在一定风险,需要加强蚊媒传染病监测和蚊媒孳生环境的综合治理。

Objective To provide evidence for prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases by integrated monitoring and conducting risk assessment of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods The data of mosquito-borne diseases were analyzed by the method of descriptive epidemiology; the lamp-trapping method was used for mosquito monitoring; and the mosq-ovitrap was used for Aedes albopictus monitoring; detection of Dengue virus and epidemic encephalitis B in mosquito by Poymerase Chain Reaction; risk assessment was completed using the methld proposed by ZENG Xiaogong. Results A total of 149 cases of mosquito-borne diseases were reported accumulatively in Liuzhou during 2005-2016 with the annual average incidence of 0. 35/100000,and there were 72 cases with epidemic encephalitis B,74 cases with malaria,3 cases with dengue fever. From March to November 2016,9 536 mosquitoes were captured. The predominant species is Culex pipien quinquefasciatus（ 86. 49%,8 247/9 535）,followed by Anopheles sinensis（ 6. 50%,620/9 535）,Armigeres subalbatus（ 4. 16%,397/9 535） and Aedes albopictus（ 2. 84%,271/9 535）; the average mosq-ovitrap positive index（ MOI） was 20. 45,and the maximum MOI in the parks is25. 40,the minimum MOI in the bird and flower market is 6. 26. 8 247 Culex pipiens were divided into 201 groups,and 9 groups were positive with epidemic encephalitis B（ 4. 02%,9/224）; 271 Aedes albopictus were divided into 17 groups,they were not detected with Dengue virus. Comprehensive judgment of the risk assessment index of malaria and the epidemic encephalitis B is low,while the dengue fever is medium. Conclusion The integrated monitoring and risk assessment of mosquito-borne diseases are feasible. There are certain risks in dengue fever,so the monitoring of mosquito-borne diseases and comprehensive treatment for the breeding environment of mosquitoes should be strengthened.