中国汉族儿童青少年20m往返跑年龄性别和地区特征

Age,gender and regional characteristics of Chinese Han children and adolescents in the 20m shuttle run test

目的了解中国汉族7~18岁儿童青少年20 m往返跑(20 m SRT)成绩的年龄、性别和地区差异,为增强儿童青少年心肺耐力水平提供科学借鉴。方法按照中国传统行政区域划分(华东、华北、中南、西北、西南和东北),在各区域抽取共计17 280名儿童青少年作为研究对象。利用LMS法构建7~18岁汉族儿童青少年20 m SRT成绩的主要百分位曲线。结果 7~18岁男女生20 m SRT的P_(50)值分别介于13.87~43.23和13.30~28.76次之间,最大摄氧量(VO_(2max))P_(50)值分别介于43.12~46.57和38.42~44.94 mL/(kg·min)之间。男、女生不同年龄组间20 m SRT(F值分别为416.992,210.266)和VO_(2max)(F值分别为36.528,240.763)差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。相同年龄组男生20 m SRT和VO_(2max)均大于女生(P值均<0.05)。各地区男女生20 m SRT成绩均值分别介于25.70~36.80和20.56~28.36次之间。华东、西北、华北、中南和东北地区男女生的20 m SRT成绩随年龄增长而增加,西南地区男、女生7~12岁成绩较好,13~18岁呈下降趋势。结论学生20 m SRT成绩随年龄增长而增加,VO_(2max)则随年龄增长而下降,男生在各个年龄段均高于女生。学生20 m SRT成绩和VO_(2max)均从11~12岁开始差距逐渐增大。

Objective To understand the age,gender and regional differences of 20 meters shuttle run test（ 20 m SRT） in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 7-18,and to provide scientific basis for improving the cardiopulmonary fitness level of the children and adolescents. Methods This study divided 26 provinces and autonomous regions into six regions（ east,north,central south,northwest,southwest and northeast）. A total of 17 280 children and adolescents were selected randomly as subjects of the research,and LMS method was used to construct a percentile graph according to their results of 20 m SRT. Results The 20 m SRT P50 values of boys and girls aged 7-18 years were between 13.87-43.23 and 13.30-28.76 laps,and the maximum oxygen uptake P50 values were between 43.12-46.57 mL/（ kg·min） and 38.42-44.94 mL/（ kg·min）,respectively. The differences of 20 m SRT values of different age group among boys and girls（ F = 416.992,210.266） and VO2max（ F= 36.528,240.763） were of statistical significance（ P〈0.01）,and those values among boys of the same age group were higher than those of girls（ P〈0. 05）. The mean values of boys and girls in each region were between 25.70-36.80 and 20.56-28.36 laps,respectively. In east,northwest,north,central south and northeast,20 m SRT scores increased with age,while boys and girls in the southwest region achieved better results from 7 to 12 years of age,and significantly decreased from 13 to 18 years of age. Conclusion The 20 m SRT scores of boys and girls increase with age,while the maximal oxygen uptake decrease with age. Boys＇ scores are higher than girls＇ in all age groups. The performance gap of boys and girls in the 20 m SRT and the maximum oxygen uptake began to widen from the age of11-12.