上海黄浦区2014—2016年小学生近视及屈光发育随访研究

Refractive development status and longitudinal changes of primary school students in Huangpu district of Shanghai city during 2014-2016

目的了解上海市黄浦区小学生近视情况及屈光度的变化,为制定近视早期防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,选取上海市黄浦区4所小学一至三年级共1 724名学生开展2年的随访研究。结果随访2年后,参与调查的学生近视检出率从2014年的18.91%升至2016年的41.94%;轻度近视检出率由15.20%升至28.16%,中度近视检出率由3.31%升至12.74%,高度近视检出率由0.41%升至1.05%。近视年平均检出率为12.83%,等效球镜度年平均增长值为(-0.382±0.536)D。轻度近视的学生平均等效球镜度的变化大于非近视和中度近视学生(P值均<0.05)。结论上海市黄浦区小学生的近视眼及高度近视的患病率居高不下,轻度近视进展较快。应加强屈光发育监测,对有明显近视趋势和轻度近视者采取及早预防措施,以减缓近视的发展。

Objective To provide a scientific basis for the early prevention and treatment of myopia,by investigating the status of myopia and refractive in the primary school students of Huangpu district,Shanghai. Methods Cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 724 students of grade 1-3 in 4 primary schools of Huangpu District in Shanghai to have a 2-year followup study. Results After the 2-year follow-up study,the prevalence rate of myopia increased from 18.91% in 2014 to 41.94% in2016. The prevalence rate of mild myopia rose from 15. 20% in 2014 to 28. 16% in 2016,the rate of moderate myopia rose from3.31% to 12.74%,and the rate of high myopia rose from 0.41% to 1.05%. The average annual incidence of myopia was 12.83%.The average annual growth value of spherical equivalent refraction of two eyes was（-0.382±0.536） D. The change of average spherical equivalent refraction of mild myopia was greater than that of non-myopic students and moderate myopia students（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence rate of myopia and high myopia in the elementary and middle school students in Shanghai downtown area is high,the development of myopia is fast. Refractive development monitoring should be strengthened. Early prevention for students who have strong myopic tendency and effective intervention for students with low myopia can slow down the development of myopia.