北京市低保家庭儿童孤独感及其影响因素分析

Loneliness and its influencing factors of children in low-income families

目的了解低保家庭儿童的孤独感现状及其影响因素,为开展困境儿童精准帮扶提供参考资料。方法于2016年9—11月,使用儿童孤独感量表对北京市15个区2 972名低保家庭儿童进行问卷调查。结果低保家庭儿童孤独感的检出率为7.6%(225/2 972);男生的孤独感水平(30.23±11.13)高于女生(28.70±10.85)(t=14.402,P=0.000);不同年龄段低保家庭儿童的孤独感得分差异无统计学意义(F=0.005,P=0.995);残疾儿童和患病儿童的孤独感水平(34.47±13.64,31.91±12.05)高于健康儿童(29.19±10.82)(F=13.490,P=0.000);父母双方监护缺失儿童的孤独感水平(30.73±12.03)高于父母双方正常监护和父母一方正常监护的儿童(29.52±10.84,28.99±10.81)(F=3.928,P=0.020)。结论低保家庭儿童的孤独感值得关注,应重点关注存在生理性困境和家庭监护困境的儿童,从物质和心理方面采取相应的预防措施。

Objective To understand the loneliness and its influencing factors of children in low-income families,and to provide evidence for targetedly helping children in special needs. Methods About 2 972 children from low-income families in Beijing city were observed with a questionnaire in September-November of 2016. Results It was found that the loneliness rate of children in low-income families was 7.6%; boys＇ loneliness was significantly greater than girls＇（ 30. 23 ± 11. 13,28. 70 ± 10. 85）（ t =14.402,P = 0.000）; there was no statistical significance in age difference of the lonliness F = 0.005,P = 0.995）; the loneliness of disabled and sick children was significantly greater than that of healthy children（ 34.47±13.64,31.91±12.05,29.19±10.82）（ F =13.490,P = 0.000）; and the loneliness of students whose parents were both absent from custody were significantly greater than that of those with one parent or both normal custody（ 30.73±12.03,29.52±10.84,28.99±10.81）（ F = 3.928,P = 0.020）. Conclusion We should pay attention to the loneliness of children in low-income families. Except for the screened children with high levels of loneliness,the children with physical or（ and） family care difficulties should also be paid more attention. And appropriate prevention and intervention measures should be taken physically and psychologically.