宁夏地区2005和2014年7～17岁回族儿童血压比较

Comparison of blood pressure among children aged 7-17 of Hui minority in Ningxia from 2005-2014

目的了解宁夏7~17岁回族儿童2005和2014年高血压及血压值变化情况,为宁夏回族儿童心脑血管疾病的早期预防提供基础资料。方法利用2005和2014年宁夏中小学生体质与健康调研数据,提取回族儿童血压资料,对高血压及血压值进行分析。结果 2014年宁夏7~17岁回族儿童高血压检出率为15.2%,比2005年增加了11.4百分点,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=380.53,P<0.05),增速最大的年龄段为17岁组,增加了16.2百分点。舒张压从2005年的(65.8±8.3)mm Hg增长至2014年的(69.0±9.8)mm Hg,收缩压从(98.6±11.6)mm Hg增至(107.4±11.9)mm Hg,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-36.33,-18.02,P值均<0.01),并且血压值随年龄的增加而增加。男生高血压检出率从2005年的3.4%增加至2014年的14.2%,女生从4.2%增加至16.2%,9年间分别增加了10.8和12.0百分点,虽然2个年份高血压检出率均为女生高于男生,但差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。城市儿童高血压检出率从2005年的5.1%增至2014年的15.7%;乡村儿童从3.3%增加到14.9%,分别增加了10.6和11.6百分点,乡村儿童的高血压检出率增速虽高于城市儿童,但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.19,P=0.271)。肥胖儿童高血压检出率2005为15.3%,2014为42.1%,均明显高于体重正常组(χ~2=29.48,392.38,P值均<0.01)。结论宁夏7~17岁回族儿童高血压检出率从2005年至2014年出现明显的增加趋势,可通过控制儿童肥胖超重遏制儿童高血压的增长。

Objective To understand prevalence of hypertension and changing tendency of blood pressure among children aged 7-17 of Hui minority in Ningxia from 2005-2014,and to provide valuable information for early prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods Data were chosen from investigation of constitution and health in Ningxia school students from 2005 to 2014,the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of Hui children were measured by standard method. Results In 2014,the detection rate of hypertension among Hui children aged 7-17 in Ningxia was 15. 2%,which was 11. 4% higher than that in2005,and the differences were of statistical significance（ χ-2= 380. 53,P 0. 05）. The 17-age group was growing faster than other groups,increasing 4.9 times more than that in 2005. The diastolic blood pressure increased from that in 2005（ 65.8±8.3） to 2014（ 69.0±9.8）,while the systolic blood pressure increased from（ 98.6±11.6） to（ 107.4±11.9） of children,and the differences were of statistical significance（ t =-36.33,-18.02,P〈0.01）,and their blood pressure increased with age. The detection rate of hypertension among boys increased from 3.4% to 14.2% in 2014,while that of girls increased from 4.2% to 16.2%. During 9 years,the rates increased by 10.8% and 12.0% for boys and girls,respectively. Although the detection rate of girls were found higher than that of boys,but the differences were of no statistical significance（ P 0. 05）. The detection rate of hypertension among urban children increased from 5.1 % in 2005 to 15.7% in 2014,while the rate of rural children increased from 3.3% to 14.9%,and the rates increased by 10.6% and 11.6%,respectively. The detection rate of rural children were found to increase quicker than that of urban children（ χ^2= 1.19,P = 0.271）. The detection rate of hypertension among obese children was 15.3% in 2005,and 42.1% in 2014,which were higher than those of normal subjects（ χ^2= 29.48,392.38,P〈0.01）,and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly correlated with BMI. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension among children aged 7-17 in Ningxia shows an upward tendency from 2005 to 2014,and this increasing trend could be reduced by controlling overweight and obesity of children.