闭路智能胰岛素载药体系的研究进展

Recent Advances in Closed-Loop and Smart Insulin Delivery Systems

胰岛素是临床上I型及II型糖尿病的常用治疗药物,能有效控制人体血糖浓度,是目前治疗糖尿病最有效的方法之一.现阶段胰岛素主要的给药方式为皮下注射,但长期频繁的皮下注射给患者带来很多毒副作用,如疼痛感、局部组织麻痹或感染以及神经受损等.近年来,随着纳米技术的日益成熟,许多新颖的闭路智能胰岛素载药体系得到了广泛发展.本综述主要从胰岛素载药体系的响应机制、新型载药母体的构筑方法以及智能释放的调控原理等角度概述了近年来闭路智能胰岛素载药体系的发展概况,分析了现阶段胰岛素载药体系的优缺点,并指出其未来发展面临的机遇与挑战.

Insulin is a commonly prescribed drug for the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. As for the efficiency in controlling blood glucose level, insulin therapy is one of the most effective treatments for diabetes. The current administration route of insulin is mainly through subcutaneous injection, which leads to many undesirable side effects such as pain, local tissue necrosis or infection, and nerve damage. Recently, various closed-loop and smart insulin delivery systems have been developed based on the emerging nanotechnologies. Recent progress in the construction of closed-loop and smart insulin delivery system, which mainly focuses on the response mechanism, different strategies for fabricating the carrier matrix, and the regulation principle of the smart insulin release is described. Advantages and drawbacks of the current insulin delivery systems are also discussed, along with the opportunities and challenges in future.