论说之体制暨文学性释证——以《文心雕龙·论说》为中心

Interpretation to the System of Argumentation and Its Literariness: Focusing on Argumentation of Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons

论说文体广大,几乎无所不包,而且诸多文体亦往往兼具论说之特性。《文心雕龙》置论说于史传、诸子之后,足见其重要性和特殊性。刘勰详论而略说,探讨其发展演变,建构其体制,而后世论与说合流,重在以阐述、论证的方式,摆事实,讲道理,发抒一己之见解,指陈利病得失,使人信服。文体由详分类别,细加研阅,而趋于归类合并,求同存异,得其大体,使之具有涵盖性与包容性,正是文体发展演进的规律。揆之于实际,论说文之文学性主要体现在建构篇章、经营步骤的形式审美,论事叙理的思维之严密性与一致性,形成文势与境界;要约明畅、颇具形象感的论事说理之方式;以及心与理合、辞共心密、以情感人的语言文辞。论说文的文学性,正是传统泛文学观念的文学之美的体现。

While argumentation is a broad literary genre including almost everything, many literary genres have the features of argumentation. The fact that Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons puts argumenta- tion after biography and the philosophers of pre-Qin dynasties show its significance and peculiarity. Liu Xie offers detailed arguments and brief comments to explore its evolution and establish its system. In later gen- erations, scholars combine arguments with comments by laying stress on interpretation and argumentation, showing facts, reasoning, expressing individual views and pointing out the strength and weaknesses, which made argumentation a convincing genre. Initially, its genres are classified in detail and it needs detailed reading to distinguish one from the other; later the genres began be classified into similar groups and merge with each other. In this way, by pursuing the same while reserving a certain difference, argumentation be- comes inclusive and encompassing. This is the healthy rule of literary genre development. As the reality proves, the literariness of argumentation is mainly displayed by its texture composition, formative aesthetics in every step, rigor and consistency in argumentation, which form the literary force and realm. It is also dis- played by the way of argumentation with clear meaning and image as well as the appropriate, accurate and logical language and diction. The literariness of argumentation essay show literary beauty in traditional ex- tensive literary views.