内在需求、典型方式与主体功能区生态补偿机制创新

Internal Demand, Typical Way and Innovation of Ecological Compensation Mechanism in Main Function Area

我国的生态补偿机制由政府补偿与市场补偿两种方式构成,政府补偿占据主导地位,市场补偿是补充手段,两者共同发挥作用,不仅为环境资源外部性问题的内部化解决提供了保障,而且为区域协调发展开拓了新路径。以生态公共产品交易理论为基础,在充分考量我国国情的基础上,从扶持生态产品生产厂商、构建生态服务交易市场、构建市场化生态补偿机制三个层面入手,构建现代生态补偿机制。为保证市场化生态补偿机制的良性运行,应辅以必要的配套措施,如完善生态保护法律体系和监督管理保障体系,规范生态产品交易平台,加大财税政策的支持力度等。

A mechanism for ecological compensation in China includes governmental compensation and marketing compensation. It is dominated by governmental compensation, and the marketing compensation is a supplementary way. The two ways play a role not only in providing a guarantee for the internalization solution of external problems of environmental resources, but also in opening up a new path for the regionally coordinated development. Based on the bargaining theory of ecological public goods, with full consideration of national conditions in China, we build a modern ecological compensation mechanism from the following three levels： supporting the producers of ecological products, building a trading market of ecological service, and building a ecological compensation mechanism for marketization. In order to ensure the healthy operation of the ecological compensation mechanism for marketization,we could assist the necessary supporting measures, such as improving the legal system of ecological protection and the security system of supervision and management, standardizing the trading platform of ecological products, and giving more support of fiscal and taxation policies.