贺兰山高山麝冬春季的食性

Winter and spring diet composition of Moschus chrysogaster in the Helan Mountains,China

利用粪便显微分析法对贺兰山高山麝冬春季的食性进行了研究。采集高山麝活动区域内粪样和植物样本,采用频率转换法对数据进行处理,得到高山麝冬春季的食性组成及比例。结果表明:高山麝冬季共取食植物19科30种(属),其中蔷薇科(17.16%)、忍冬科(16.64%)、豆科(15.64%)和莎草科(10.93%)组成了高山麝冬季的主要食物;春季共取食植物20科31种(属),其中蔷薇科(27.37%)、杨柳科(13.28%)和豆科(12.84%)为主要食物;秦氏黄芪(Astragalus chingianus)为冬春季共同的主要食物,分别占冬春季食物的11.33%和11.04%;此外,高山麝也取食乔木类植物,取食量从冬季的9.53%上升至春季的18.67%;根据高山麝粪样镜检结果,计算其取食植物的Shannon指数、均匀度指数、生态位宽度指数,分析高山麝食物组成及其多样性,结果显示,3种指数冬季均高于春季。

The faeces of alpine musk deer （Moschus chrysogaster） were collected in the Helan Mountains, and the feeding habits of winter and spring were studied by the fecal microhistological analysis. The fecal and plant samples were collected from the habitats of alpine musk deer. The diet proportion of alpine musk deer in winter and spring was processed by frequency conversion method. The results showed that alpine musk deer＇s diets in winter belonged to 30 species of 19 families, including 17.16% of Rosaceae, 16.64% of Caprifoliaceae, 15.64% of Fabaceae, 10.93% of Cyperaceae, being the main food of alpine musk deer in winter. Alpine musk deer＇ s diets in spring belonged to 31 species of 20 families, including 27.37% of Rosaceae, 13.28% of Salicaceae, 12.84% of Fabaceae, being the main food of alpine musk deer in spring. Among them, Astragalus chingianus was the main species common to winter and spring, accounting for 11.33% and 11.04% of spring and winter food, respectively. In addition, alpine musk deer also feed arbors, with food intake from 9.53% in winter to 15.67% in spring. Analyses of the food composition and diversity of alpine musk deer showed that Shannon diversity index, Shannon eventless index and niche width index were higher in winter than in spring.