区域产业政策效用的实证研究——天津开发区产业政策的实践启示

Empirical Study on Effectiveness of Regional Industrial Policies:Practical Enlightenment from TEDA Industrial Policies

虽然围绕产业政策的效用一直存在不同的争论,但在实践中地方政府仍热衷于制定产业政策,以促进区域经济发展。国家对开发区的发展很重视,2017年,国家连续发布对开发区有指导意义的文件,《国务院关于扩大对外开放积极利用外资若干措施的通知》(国发[2017]5号)和《关于促进开发区改革和创新发展的若干意见》(国办发[2017]7号),要求开发区坚持以产业发展为主。开发区通过积极发挥产业政策的作用,有效推动了产业发展,成为各省市实施制造强国战略和创新驱动发展战略的重要载体。本文以天津开发区为案例,从实证的角度研究区域产业政策的效用,产业政策是地方政府培育主导产业、发展区域经济的重要手段,企业对产业政策的需求仅是诸多利益需要中的一部分,中观层面和宏观层面的高度授权有利于微观层面产业发展,产业政策的兑现显示了政府诚信,政府制定和执行政策要本着公义性、公正性和公平性的原则。

Although there are numerous arguments on effectiveness of industrial policies, in practice, regional government is still knee on promulgation of industrial policies so as to improve regional economic development. Chinese government attaches great attention to the growth of development zones and promulgated several specific guidance documents in 2017; according to the Circular of the State Council on Several Measures concerning the Expansion of Opening-up and the Active Use of Foreign Capital （GF [2017] No.5） and Several Opinions on Promoting the Reform and Innovative Development of the Development Zones （GBF [2017] No.7）, development zones should focus on industry development. The development zones have advanced the industry development by giving full play to industrial policies and become the significant carrier of each province and city in implementation of national manufacturing strategy and innovation-driven development strategy. This paper, taking TEDA as an example, studies the effectiveness of regional industrial policies from an empirical perspective. Industrial policies are important means of regional government to foster leading industry and develop regional economy; demands of industrial policies by enterprises are only part of interests; highly authorization in intermediate and macro level will benefit industry development in micro level. Realization of industrial policies reflects government integrity so government should promulgate and implement industrial policies in the principle of justice, impartiality and fairness.