民国江南城镇的市政建设及其局限

The Municipal Construction and Its Limitations of Jiangnan Cities and Towns During the Republic of China

民国时期的地方行政与城镇管理一直处在调整变革之中。在社会经济最为繁荣的江南地区,新式的市政建设正在逐步展开,也是现代化的必要趋势。其具体内容,除公共交通道路、桥梁、驳岸、下水道的建设外,还涉及路灯、供水、环境绿化、清洁管理等公用事业。繁杂的市政建设的主要目标,在经济、交通、卫生与美观四大方面,集中体现于道路建设、饮用水与排水、卫生清洁与夜间照明。通过不同城镇建设情况的宏观考察与具体差异分析,可以对民国时期城镇的主要变化、发展态势以及行政管理等形成基本认识,从而呈现出现代化进程中城镇的基本存在形态。总体上新式的市政建设要求与现实的城镇生活处境,还不能得到有效的配合,江南城镇间经济发展与工业文明的差异在当中产生了不同的影响,市政建设存在着局限性。

During the Republic of China, the local administration and the urban management had continuously been undergoing adjustments and transformations. In Jiangnan, the most prosperous region at that time, a kind of new-style municipal construction was being gradually carried out, which also formed a necessary trend of modernization. In its concrete contents, besides the constructions of public roads for transportation, bridges, revetments and sewers, some other public utilities, such us street lights, water supplies,environmental greening and cleaning management, should all be involved. It was in the four major aspects,economy, transportation, sanitation and aesthetics that the miscellaneous municipal construction primarily reflected its main objectives in road constructions, drinking water and drainage, hygiene and cleaning, and night lighting. Through a macroscopic study and an analysis of specific variations of different towns' urban construction, we could achieve a basic understanding of the towns' main changes, development trend and the administrative management during the period of the Republic of China, so as to present the towns' basic patterns of existence during the process of modernization. Overall, the requests of the new-style municipal construction failed to coordinate effectively with the towns' real life situations, on which the differences between the industrial civilization and the economic development of Jiangnan cities and market towns had imposed different influences, and it was fact that there were limitations in the municipal construction.