“记忆之场”与皮埃尔·诺拉的法国史书写

“Realms of Memory” and Pierre Nora's Writing of French National History

法国新史学的经济社会史取向削弱了传统的民族史叙事,20世纪70年代法国社会的一系列重大社会政治变迁导致民族国家意识的淡化,个别化的历史记忆、逆向的记忆和认同日益凸显,拉维斯主义民族国家的历史记忆走向碎裂。"记忆之场"就是在这种背景下提出来的。皮埃尔·诺拉试图通过对记忆之场的回想,追寻一种没有民族主义的民族意识。这一研究虽然受到拉维斯《法国史》的启发,但比后者更具包容性,是具有反思性的"第二层次的历史"。它是民族主义意识形态衰落后,在已然"遗产化"的民族记忆中追寻身份的努力。"记忆之场"的提出,意味着法国民族史中过去、现在和未来关系的一种深刻变革,历史的连续性动摇了,这可视为一种新的"历史性体制"——"当下主义"的标志。

After World War II,the orientation toward economic and social history of France's new history weakened the traditional national history narrative.A series of major social and political changes in French society of the 1970 s reduced consciousness of the nation-state,and individualized historical memory and counter-memories and identities became increasingly prominent as the historical memory of the Lavissian nation-state fragmented.It was in this context that "les lieux de mémoire"emerged;Nora seeks to pursue a national consciousness without nationalism by recalling the realms of memory.Although inspired by Lavisse's L'histoire de France,this study,more inclusive than Lavisse's,is a reflective"second-order history"that attempts to seek identity in the "inheritance"of national memory following the decay of nationalist ideology.The proposed lieux de mémoire implies a profound change in the past,present and future relationships of French national history,a change that undermines historical continuity.This can be regarded as a new marker for a historical system:"presentism."