全面建成小康社会进程中农村老年人的养老风险探究——基于新时代我国社会主要矛盾转型视角

The Study on the Old-care Risks of Older Rural Residents in the Process of Building a Well-being Society——Based on Perspective of the Transition of the Main Contradiction of Our Society in the New Era

进入中国特色社会主义新时代,我国快速人口老龄化引发出新矛盾,即老年人日益增长的美好生活需要同老龄事业和养老服务体系建设发展不平衡、不充分的矛盾。我国农村社会在"未富先老"和"未备先老"的双重挑战下,面临着一系列养老风险,包括贫困风险、健康风险、养老照料风险、制度风险和社会安全风险。有效化解这些养老风险,不仅是全面建成小康社会的必然要求,同时也是顺利完成中国特色社会主义道路目标的前提条件。政府应从顶层政策设计上重视农村老年人养老问题,实现城乡养老政策协同发展;此外还应实施国家整体性治理模式,多部门联动来应对老龄化社会风险,并根据农村实际和农村老年人的需求实施差异化养老模式,增强农村家庭养老能力,进一步提升农村老年人的健康水平。

Entering a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,a new contradiction has emerged in the aging of China's population,which is the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development of the ageing cause and old-care services and the ever growing needs of the elderly for a better life. Under the dual challenges of "getting old before being rich"and "getting old before prepared",China's rural communities are facing a series of old-care risks,including poverty risk,health risk,elderly care risk,institutional risk and social security risk. Effectively resolving these old-care risks are the necessary requirements for building a Well-being Society. The central government should attach importance to the issue of old-aged care for the elderly in rural areas from the top-level policy design and realize the coordinated development of the oldage policy in urban and rural areas. In addition,a national holistic governance model should be implemented,and multi-department linkage should be adopted to deal with the emerging risks of aging society. According to the actual conditions in rural areas and the needs of the elderly in rural areas,a differentiated old-age service system should be implemented to enhance the ability of rural families support and the health of the elderly in rural areas.