净水用颗粒活性炭对水中余氯去除的动力学原理效能

Principle and Efficiency of Residual Chlorine Removal by Granular Activated Carbon in Drinking Water

比较不同类型活性炭对水中余氯的去除效能,为家用净水器筛选最佳除氯用活性炭,以7种活性炭(木质活性炭、果壳活性炭、椰壳活性炭、煤质活性炭、压块破碎煤质炭、酸洗煤活性炭、煤质活性炭纤维)为研究对象,系统性开展了活性炭去除水中自由氯和一氯胺的效能和动力学规律研究。试验结果表明:活性炭去除自由氯的和一氯胺的速率符合拟一级反应动力学模型,相关性系数在0.96以上。材质为煤的活性炭去除自由氯和一氯胺速率相对较快,去除速率为煤质活性炭纤维>酸洗煤>煤质活性炭>压块破碎炭>椰壳活性炭>木质活性炭>果壳活性炭,在温度为25℃、酸碱度为7.5的条件下,活性炭纤维去除自由氯速率达11.91 h^(-1)。比表面积是影响活性炭除氯的主要因素之一,相关性系数达到0.999 9。温度的升高和pH的降低都能提高活性炭的除氯效率。

The kinetics of best granular activated carbon for chlorine removal would be screened for the household water purifier by comparing the efficiency of different types of activated carbon on residual chlorine removal. Seven kinds of activated carbon( wood activated carbon, fruit shell activated carbon, coconut shell activated carbon, coal activated carbon, briquette broken coal charcoal, acid coal carbon, coal activated carbon fiber) were studied in this paper. The main factors influencing the efficiency and kinetics on free chlorine and monochloramine removal by activated carbon were studied systematically. The results showed that free chlorine and monochloramine removal by activated carbon could be in accordance with pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and correlation coefficient was above 0. 96. The removal rate by coal activated carbon was relatively fast. The sequence of removal rate was coal activated carbon fiber >acid coal carbon > coal activated carbon > briquette broken charcoal > coconut shell activated carbon > wood activated carbon > fruit shell activated carbon. Residual chlorine removal by activated carbon fiber was 11. 91 h^(-1) under the condition of temperature 25℃ and pH 7.5.The specific surface area of activated carbon was one of the main factors affecting the chlorination removal rate, and correlation coefficient was0. 999 9. The increase of temperature and the decrease of pH value could improve chlorine removal efficiency of activated carbon.