核电站事故废液MVR处理的模拟试验

Simulated Experiment of MVR Treatment for Accident Liquid Waste in Nuclear Power Plant

我国经济的快速发展和化石能源的不断枯竭,使得核能的大规模发展成为必然趋势。2011年3月日本发生福岛核事故之后,核安全及核废物处理的重要性越来越受到人们的关注。文中提出了机械式蒸汽再压缩技术(MVR)系统应用的四种组合方式,分别对该系统在蒸发温度为85℃时,不同分离器组合的蒸发速率、稳定工作时的液位平均值、平均蒸发处理能力、折合吨能耗等作了详细的试验和数据分析,并对三种核素在不同分离器组合中的去除效果作了详细对比。简要分析了MVR系统的主要优势,根据四种组合的试验数据分析结果得出,在蒸发温度为85℃时,蒸发处理核电站事故模拟废液的最佳组合方式为分离室+丝网+玻纤,而且对分离试验组Sr^(2+)、Cs^+和Co^(2+)的系统去污因子进行对比,得到分离室+丝网+玻纤的组合方式效果最好。

The boosting of China's economy along with the exhaustion of fossil resources makes the application of nuclear energy a great development. Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster in March 2011, nuclear safety issue and radioactive waste management have become more and more important and received considerable attention. In this article, mechanical vapor recompression(MVR) system was applied in four different combinatorial arrangements, and evaporation rate, average liquid level under stable working conditions,average capability of evaporation process, and energy consumption per ton of four arrangements at the evaporation temperature of 85℃were elaborated. Besides, the feasibility to remove three radioactive elements was compared in detail. Advantages of MVR system were briefly analyzed. According to the results of combinatorial experiment, the best combinatorial MVR arrangement to treat simulated liquid waste from nuclear plant accident at 85℃ was separation chamber, metal-wire mesh, and glass fiber. This combinatorial arrangement also showed the best result based on the analysis of decontamination factor in the radioactive waste treatment experiment containing Sr^(2+),Cs^+,and Co^(2+).