从马克思主义妇女解放理论到当代女性主义:问题的实质、争论与反思

From the Classic Marxist Theory on Women Liberation to Modern Feminism:Essences,Disputes and Reflections

马克思主义关于妇女压迫与解放问题的理论是一个常谈常新的话题。100多年前,马克思与恩格斯就已经从方法论上确立了认识该问题的基本框架,即这是一个关于生产关系和阶级关系的历史问题。但是,随着社会历史语境的变化,当代西方女性主义尤其是继承了马克思主义"基因"的马克思主义女性主义,对经典马克思主义妇女观提出了质问。在如何定位和定性女性政治解放问题上,它与马克思主义妇女观发生了分歧。当代西方女性主义坚持女性解放首先面对的是性别压迫,而不是阶级压迫。对于女性主义的挑战,马克思主义妇女观的回应是妇女解放问题的关键仍然是现实的社会生产历史活动中的男女平等与阶级平等,而不是抽象的女性自由权利。

Marxist Feminist Theory on women oppression and liberation is a constant research topic, whichbrings new significance every time when it is discussed. Marx and Engels had already established the basicframe in which this problem could be understood correctly in methodology. They thought that it was a historicalproblem on the relations of production and classes. However, with the changes in social and historical contexts,modern feminists, especially the Marxist Feminists who have inherited the genes from the classic Marxism,questioned the views proposed by Marx and Engels. They have different opinions on how to evaluate andposition the feminist problem politically. Having given up the class struggle which the classic Marxism alwaysperseveres in, they hold that the primary issue women are dealing with is sexual oppression. The contemporaryresponse from the classic Marxism to these challenges is that the key to solve the women's problem is never inthe abstract free power of women's, but in the equality in sexes and classes during the historical process ofsocial production.