苏尼特右旗草原矿区土壤重金属污染特征与生态恢复

Research on the Characteristics of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Restoration in Grassland Mining Area of Sunite County

以苏尼特右旗某草原采矿区的气象资料及采矿区周边草原表层土重金属含量为依据,分析该草原矿区输沙势能与土壤重金属污染特征。结果表明:调查区域的土壤重金属污染主要集中在以尾矿库为中心的主导风向的下风向,即主要输沙势方向的下风向,重金属铜污染是导致该草原区土壤重金属污染的主要因素。常年的主导风向对尾矿库周边草原的土壤重金属污染程度的影响显著。苏尼特右旗受风蚀影响比较严重的地区,应该加强对尾矿区的底泥和矿渣的苫盖措施,防治风、水蚀加剧对草原土壤重金属污染的影响。输沙势较大的上风向要建植防风林带或沙障,对输沙势较大的下风向要采取生态修复措施,不同的受损生态系统的恢复,根据区域特征结合生态恢复建议进行生态恢复,保证生态系统健康发展,保障人畜健康安全。

On the basis of meteorological data of mining area in Sunite County and the surrounding prairie soil heavy metal content in a grassland mining area,analysis of drift potential and soil heavy metal pollution characteristics of the grassland mining area was conducted. The results showed that the heavy metal pollution in the investigation area was mainly concentrated on the lower wind direction,which is the dominant wind direction centered on the tailing storehouse. Sunite County is an area severely affected by ero-sions. The tailings and slag sediment cover measures shall be strengthened,prevention and control of wind and water erosion intensified and their effects in grassland soil heavy metal pollution reduced. Windbreaks and sand barriers shall be built to check the potential wind sand. Measures for ecological restoration and restoration of damaged ecosystems shall be taken. According to the regional characteristics,suggestions are put forward to ensure the healthy development of the ecologocal system and protect the health and safety of the local people and wildlife as well.