从工具理性走向交往理性——研究生“导学关系”探析

From Instrumental Rationality to Communication Rationality:An Analysis of “Supervisor-Postgraduate” Relationship

提高研究生质量与完善导师制密切相关,导师与研究生的"导学关系"是导师制维系与发展的重要基础,同时也是影响研究生个体发展最直接的因素。以学术为轴心的导学关系是一种交往关系,它是在教学、科研及师生日常活动全过程中建立起来的理性交往关系。鉴于现代化弊端导致的理性越来越限于目的-手段关系,工具理性日益消解正常的导学关系,通过借鉴哈贝马斯交往理性之丰富的理论内涵,剖析研究生导学关系的内在特质,从"交往理性""生活世界""话语伦理"三个维度建构新型研究生导学关系,摈弃工具理性的蚕食,以实现个体的主体理性向群体的交往理性转变,促进研究生培养质量的提高。

The improvement of postgraduate quality is closely related to the optimization of the supervisor system.The relationship between supervisors and postgraduates is the fundamental basis for the sustainability and development of the supervisor system.Meanwhile,it is also a factor directly influencing the individual development of postgraduates.The academic-centered supervisor-postgraduate relationship is a kind of rational communication relationship established during teaching and learning,research and all daily interactive activities.Because the rationality caused by disadvantages of modernization becomes more and more "purpose-means"concentrated,the instrumental rationality increasingly dissolves the normal relationship between supervisors and postgraduates.By using the theoretic concept of Habermas' Communicative Rationality,this paper analyzes the intrinsic characteristics of the relationship between supervisors and postgraduates,discusses the establishment of a new type relationship between them in a three-dimension formation featuring communicative rationality,living world and discourse ethics.This paper also proposes to get rid of the erosion of instrumental rationality and realize the transformation from the individual subjective rationality to the group communicative rationality.