诏安湾及毗邻海域浮游动物的群落结构

Community characters of zooplankton in and near Zhao'an Bay

根据2015年夏(8月)、秋(10月)2季在诏安湾及毗邻海域开展的30个站浮游动物监测资料,研究了该海域浮游动物的种类组成、数量分布和多样性.结果显示:共鉴定浮游动物103种和浮游幼体24类,桡足类为绝对优势的类群.优势种有14种,锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)、异体住囊虫(Oikopleura dioica)和强额孔雀水蚤(Parvocalanus crassirostris)是该海域重要的优势种群.生态类群以近岸暖水类群和外海广布类群为主.夏季浮游动物丰度平均为761个/m3,秋季为81个/m3;夏季浮游动物生物量平均为237mg/m3,秋季为52 mg/m3.夏季浮游动物种类数、丰度、生物量及变化幅度均明显高于秋季,夏季湾外浮游动物种类数、丰度、生物量及变化幅度均明显大于湾内,秋季湾外浮游动物种类数、丰度及变化幅度均明显大于湾内,夏、秋季浮游动物种类数和丰度总体分布均呈现由湾内往湾外逐渐增加趋势.夏季浮游动物多样性指数平均为2.46,秋季为3.14.与历史资料比较:本次调查海域浮游动物种类数和平均丰度均有较大幅度升高,但平均生物量有较大幅度下降.

Based on water samples of 30 stations collected in and near Zhao'an Bay in summer( August) and autumn( October) 2015,the species composition,abundance and diversity of zooplankton were studied. A total of 103 species of zooplankton and 24 species/assemblages of planktonic larvae were identified. Copepods were the most abundant species. The dominant species included 14 species of zooplankton. Temora turbinate,Oikopleura dioica and Pavocalanus crassirostris were the important dominant species. The most of zooplankton ecological groups were warm water coastal group and widely distributed off the coastal group. The average density of zooplankton was 761 ind/m3 and 81 ind/m3 and the average biomass was 237 mg/m3 and 52 mg/m3 in summer and autumn,respectively The zooplankton species,density,biomass and variation were much higher in summer than in autumn. The zooplankton species,density,biomass and variation in the outer bay were generally higher than in the inner bay in summer. The zooplankton species,density and variation in the bay opening were generally higher than in the inner bay in autumn.Horizontal distribution of zooplankton species and density showed an increasing trend from inner to outer bay in summer and autumn. The average Shannon-Weaver index was 2. 46 and 3. 14 in summer and autumn,respectively.Compared with historical data,the zooplankton species number and density in this survey were much higher. However,the average biomass declined significantly.